Abstract
The paper reports from a homecare fieldwork and discusses the various types of work carried out by homecare workers. We describe formal guidelines for quality in homecare services as a background for looking deeper into the homecare practices and using them as a basis for discussing what high quality homecare is. We have identified seven types of homecare work needed in homecare: illness work, everyday life work, life-changing work, relation work, discretion work, information work and articulation work and we discuss quality in each of these as well as in the homecare as a whole. We exemplify how the quality criteria can be achieved in practice.
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
Italics used in accordance with (Goodwin 1994: 606)
a ‘deviation’ is a report about not having followed the formal instructions. Deviations should always be reported in case of later complaints.
References
Aarhus, Rikke; Erik Grönvall; and Morten Kyng (2010). Challenges in participation: Users and their roles in the development of home-based pervasive healthcare applications. Poster at 4 th International ICST Conference on Pervasive Computing Technologies for Healthcare. New York: IEEE Computer Society Press, pp. 1–4.
Aronsen, Jane; and Sheila M. Neysmith (1996). You’re not just in there to do the work. Depersonalizing Policies and the Exploitation of Home Care Workers' Labor, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 59–77.
Axelrod, Lesley; Geraldine Fitzpatrick; Jane Burridge; Sue Mawson; Penny Smith; Tom Rodden; and Ian Ricketts (2009). The reality of homes fit for heroes: Design challenges for rehabilitation technology at home. Journal of Assistive Technologies, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 35–43.
Ballegaard, Stinne Aaløkke, Jonathan Bunde-Pedersen and Jakob Bardram (2006). Where to, Roberta? Reflecting on the role of technology in assisted living. In Hvannberg, Ebba Thora; Marta K. Larusdottir; Ann Blandford; and Jan Gulliksen (eds.) Proceedings of NordiCHI’06, New York: ACM, pp. 211–220.
Ballegaard, Stinne Aaløkke, Thomas Riisgaard Hansen and Morten Kyng (2008). Healthcare in everyday life: Designing healthcare services for daily life. In Czerwinski, Mary; Arnie Lund; and Desney Tan (eds.) Proceedings of CHI’08. New York: ACM, pp. 1807–1816.
Becker, Howard S. (1953). Becoming a marihuana user. The American Journal of Sociology, vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 235–242.
Benner, Patricia (1984). From novice to expert. Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Bittner, Egon (1965). The concept of organization, Social Research, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 239–255.
Borglin, Gunilla; Anna-Karin Edberg; and Ingalill Rahm Hallberg (2005). The experience of quality of life among older people. Journal of Aging Studies, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 201–220.
Bowling, Ann (1995). The most important thing in life. Comparison between older and younger populations age groups by gender. International Journal of Health Sciences, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 169–175.
Bowling, Ann; and Joy Windsor (2001). Towards the good life: A population survey of dimensions of quality of life. Journal of Happiness Studies, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 55–82.
Brandt, Eva, Thomas Binder, Lone Malmborg and Tomas Sokoler (2010). Communities of everyday practice and situated elderliness as an approach to co-design for senior interaction. In Brereton, Margot; Stephen Viller; Ben Kraal (eds.) Proceedings of OZCHI 2010. New York: ACM, pp. 400–403.
Bratteteig, Tone and Ina Wagner (2013). Moving Healthcare to the Home: The Work to Make Homecare Work. In Bertelsen, Olav; Luigina Ciolfi; Maria A. Grasso; George A. Papadopoulos (eds.), Proceedings of ECSCW’2013. London: Springer, pp. 143–162.
Brereton, Margot (2013). Habituated objects. Everyday tangibles that Foster the independent living of an elderly woman. Interactions, vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 20–24.
Carlsson, Gunilla; Nancy Drew; Karin Dahlberg; and Kim Lützen (2002). Uncovering tacit caring knowledge. Nursing Philosophy, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 144–151.
Cella, David F. (1994). Quality of life: Concepts and definition. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 186–192.
Corbin, Juliet; and Anselm Strauss. (1985). Managing chronic illness at home: Three lines of work. Qualitative Sociology, vol. 8, no 3, pp. 224–247.
Denton, Margaret; Isik Urla Zeytinoglu; Sharon Davies; and Jason Lian (2002). Job stress and job dissatisfaction of home Care Workers in the Context of health care restructuring. International Journal of Health Services, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 327–357.
Dewey, John (1997). How we think. Mineola: Dover Publ.
Donovan, Rebecca (1989). Worker stress and job satisfaction: A study of home care workers in new York City. Home Health Care Services Quarterly, vol. 10, no. 1–2, pp. 97–114.
Dreyfus, Stuart E. (2004). The five-stage model of adult skill acquisition. Bulletin of Science Technology and Society, vol. 24, no 3, pp. 177–181.
Dreyfus, Stuart E.; and Hubert L. Dreyfus. (1980). A five-stage model of the mental activities involved in directed skill acquisition. University of California Operations Research Center. Available at www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA084551
Eide, Ingvild E. (2016). Work and quality in homecare services. Master thesis (in Norwegian), Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Norway.
Eustis, Nancy N.; and Lucy Rose Fischer (1991). Relationships between home care clients and their workers: Implications for quality of care. Gerontologist, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 447–456.
Glaser, Barney G.; and Anselm L. Strauss (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company.
Gomez, Daniel Lopez (2015). Little arrangements that matter. Rethinking autonomy-enabling innovations for later life. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol. 93, pp. 91–101.
Goodwin, Charles (1994). Professional vision. American Anthropologist, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 606–633.
Grönvall, Erik and Morten Kyng (2011). Beyond Utopia: Reflections on participatory design in home-based healthcare with weak users. In Dittmar, Anke; and Peter Forbrig (eds.), Proceedings of the 29 th Annual European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics, New York: ACM, pp. 189–196.
Grönvall, Erik; and Stefan Lundberg (2014). On challenges Designing the home as a place for care. In Holzinger, Andreas; Martina Ziefle; and Carsten Röcker (eds) Pervasive Health, London: Springer, pp. 19–45.
Hafskjold, Linda; Tom Eide; Inger K. Holmström; Vibeke Sundling; Sandra van Dulmen; and Hilde Eide (2016). Older persons’ worries expressed during home care visits: Exploring the content of cues and concerns identified by the Verona coding definitions of emotional sequences. Patient Education and Counceling, vol. 99, no. 12, pp. 1955–1963.
Lang, Ariella (2010). There’s no place like home: Research, practice and policy perspectives regarding safety in homecare. International Journal for Quality in Health Care, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 75–77.
Lawton, M. Powell (1983). Environmental and other determinants of well-being in older people. The Gerontologist, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 349–357.
Lawton, M. Powell (1991). A multidimensional view of quality of life in frail elders. In Birren, James E. et al. (eds.), The concept and measurement of quality of life in the frail elderly. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, Inc., pp. 3–27.
Light, Ann; Sonja Pedell; Toni Robertson; Jenny Waycott; Jeanette Bell; Jeannette Durick; and Tuck Leong (2016). What’s special about aging. Interactions, March–April 2016, vol. 23, no. 2, pp 66–69.
Little, William (2017). Aging and the elderly. Introduction to Sociology, BC open textbook, 1st Canadian edition, Ch. 13, pp. 1–42, available at https://opentextbc.ca/introductiontosociology/chapter/chapter13-aging-and-the-elderly/, accessed Feb. 2017.
Mulder, Ingrid; Yvonne Schikhof; Martijn Vastenburg; Alan Card; Tory Dunn; Andreas Komninos; Marilyn McGee-Lennon; Mark Santcroos; Gabriele Tiotto; Mieke van Gils; Jan-Willem van’t Klooster; Annelies Veys; and Mohammed Zarifi Eslami (2009). Designing with care: The future of pervasive healthcare. Pervasive Computing, London: Springer, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 85–88.
Nilsson, Margareta; Anneli Sarvimäki; and Sirkka-Liisa Ekman (2000). Feeling old: Being in a phase of transition in later life. Nursing Inquiry, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 41–49.
NSF Norwegian Nursing Association (2009). Bemanning i kommunal pleie og omsorg. Rapport 2009–072. Available at https://www.nsf.no/Content/258546/Bemanning
Palen, Leysia and Stinne Aaløkke (2006). Of pill boxes and piano benches: Home-made methods for managing medication. In Hinds, Pamela; and David Martin (eds.), Proceedings of CSCW’06, New York: ACM, pp. 79–88.
Petrakou, Alexandra (2007). Exploring cooperation through a binder: A context for IT tools in elderly care at home. In Bannon, Liam; Ina Wagner; Carl Gutwin; Richard Harper; and Kjeld Schmidt (eds.), Proceedings of ECSCW’2007. London: Springer, pp. 271–290.
Rowe, John W.; and Robert L. Kahn (1997). Successful aging. The Gerontologist, vol. 37, no. 4, pp. 433–440.
Ryff, Carol D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1069–1081.
Sarvimäki, Anneli; and Bettina Stenbock-Hult (2000). Quality of life in old age described as a sense of well-being, meaning and value. Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 1025–1033.
Schmidt, Kjeld (2011). The concept of ‘work’ in CSCW. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, vol. 20, no. 4–5, pp. 341–401.
Schmidt, Kjeld (2014). The Concept of ‘Practice’: What’s the Point?. In Proceedings of COOP’2014. 27–30 May 2014. Nice, France, Springer, pp. 427–444.
Schmidt, Kjeld, Ina Wagner and Marianne Tolmar (2007). Permutations of Cooperative Work Practices: A Study of two oncology clinics. In Gross, Tom; and Kori Inkpen (eds.), Proceedings of GROUP’07. New York: ACM, pp. 1–10.
Schorch, Marén, Lin Wan, David W. Randall and Volker Wulf (2016). Designing for Those who are Overlooked: Insider Perspectives on Care Practices and Cooperative Work of Elderly Informal Caregivers. In Lee, Charlotte; Steve Poltrock; Louise Barkhuus; Marcos Borges; and Wendy Kellogg (eds.), Proceedings of CSCW'16, San Francisco, New York: ACM, pp. 787–799.
Smith, Allison (2000). Researching quality of life of older people: concepts, measures and findings. Centre for Social Gerontology, Keele University, working paper 7, https://www.keele.ac.uk/csg/downloads/centreworkingpapers/research_quality.pdf.
Social ministry Norway (2000). Quality in nursing and care services. Guidelines for regulations, Oslo.
Stanley, Mandy; and Julianne Cheek (2003). Well-being and older people: A review of the literature. Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy, vol. 70, no. 1, pp. 51–59.
Star, Susan Leigh; and Anselm Strauss (1999). Layers of silence, arenas of voice: The ecology of visible and invisible work. Computer Supported Cooperative Work, vol. 8, no. 1–2, pp. 9–30.
Strauss, Anselm (1985). Work and the division of labor. The Sociological Quarterly, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 1–19.
Strauss, Anselm; Shizuko Fagerhaugh; Barbara Suczek; and Carolyn Wiener (1982): The work of hospitalized patients. Social Science and Medicine, vol. 16, no. 9, pp. 977–986.
Strauss, Anselm; Fagerhaugh, Shizuko; Barbara Suczek; and Carolyn Wiener (1985). Social Organization of Medical Work. Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Suchman, Lucy A. (1987). Plans and situated actions. The Problem of Human-Machine Communication, Chicago: Chicago University Press.
Sundler, Annelie J.; Hilde Eide; Sandra van Dulmen; and Inger K. Holmström (2016). Communicative challenges in the homecare of older persons – A qualitative exploration. Journal of Advanced Nursing, vol. 72, no. 10, pp. 2435–2444.
Urmson, James O. (1970). Polymorphous concepts. In Wood, Oscar P.; and George Pitcher (eds.). Ryle: A collection of critical essays. Garden City, US: Doubleday, pp. 249–266.
Vaisutis, Kate; Margot Brereton; Toni Robertson; Frank Vetere; Jeannette Durick; Bjorn Nansen; and Laurie Buys (2014). Invisible connections: Investigating older People’s emotions and social relations around objects. In Jones, Matt; Philippe Palanque; Albrecht Schmidt; and Tovi Grossman (eds), Proceedings of CHI’2014, New Yorsk: ACM, pp. 1937–1940.
Ward-Griffin, Catherine; and Patricia McKeever (2000). Relationships between nurses and family caregivers: Partners in care? Advances in Nursing Science, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 89–103.
WHO: World Health Organization (1998). World report on ageing and health. http://www.who.int/ageing/htm
Winograd, Terry; and Fernando Flores (1987). Understanding computers and cognition. Boston: Addison-Wesley.
Acknowledgements
Our sincere thanks to the homecare units that let us in to observe and discuss and the many homecare workers that engaged in discussing their work. We also thank the reviewers for useful comments to improve the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bratteteig, T., Eide, I. Becoming a Good Homecare Practitioner: Integrating Many Kinds of Work. Comput Supported Coop Work 26, 563–596 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-017-9288-7
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-017-9288-7