Abstract
This case study, noting the increasing interest in iPad-based mobile learning research and aware of the current dearth of engineering talent in the UK, aims to contribute to a still sparse area of research that links iPad use to engineering education. To achieve this, the study investigates the integration of iPad-based mobile learning (M-learning) into a creative engineering (CE) module in a secondary school in England that has adopted a problem-based learning pedagogy. The findings indicate that iPad-based M-learning is compatible with the problem-based learning pedagogy underpinning the particular creative engineering module, both philosophically and practically, inside and outside the classroom. The integration of the iPad with problem-based CE pedagogy is able therefore to create a new M-learning pedagogical model.

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Appendix
Appendix
1.1 Sample interview questions: Interviews before class observation
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1.
What is teaching and learning like in CE, and is it different from other modules?
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2.
How is iPad-based M-learning incorporated into the CE pedagogy? Can you give some examples?
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3.
Does the CE module encourage iPad use? How?
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4.
What do you think of mobile learning?
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5.
What are your opinions on the advantages of iPad-based M-learning in CE?
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6.
What do you think of the improvement M-learning brings to teaching and learning?
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7.
How are CE teachers and students supported in the school?
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8.
How do teachers and students choose their apps?
1.2 Sample interview questions: Follow-up questions after class observation
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1.
What are the students doing, why are they not using iPad? Why are they using laptop instead?
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2.
What is the pedagogy? I heard that it’s problem based learning, is that the case?
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3.
How does this kind of pedagogy differ from the pedagogy used in other regular modules such as Science and Chemistry? What’s the difference during the teaching and learning?
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4.
How do they use iPad during the process of designing?
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5.
For general creative engineering, how is iPad incorporated into the teaching and learning?
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6.
Compared with other regular modules, do you think the creative engineering module encourages more iPad use?
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7.
What do you think of mobile learning? Is it an advantage in the study of creative engineering? Are there specific benefits?
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8.
What do you think of the abilities of creative engineering students? What abilities have they improved by using iPad?
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9.
What about the assessment, how do you assess them?
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10.
Are there limitations of using iPad in the study of creative engineering?
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11.
How can the use of iPad match the curriculum of creative engineering?
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Li, Y., Wang, L. Using iPad-based mobile learning to teach creative engineering within a problem-based learning pedagogy. Educ Inf Technol 23, 555–568 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9617-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-017-9617-y