Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Evaluating the attitude towards the intention to use ARITE system for improving laboratory skills by engineering educators

  • Published:
Education and Information Technologies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Embedded system course requires the manifestation of acquired knowledge through the transfer of the relevant skill set in a hands on environment to achieve the respective course outcome. Laboratory skills provide the optimum exposure and experiential learning to obtain real time solutions for real time problems. The present embedded system course mainly focuses on application development rather than hardware abstraction resulting in an incomplete skill set. The proposed solution in the form of Augmented reality interactive table - top environment (ARITE), an assistive learning tool, for freshmen of engineering is designed to explore from hardware abstraction level to application development level. It uses augmented reality-driven pedagogy to help grasp the intricate concepts of embedded systems quickly and seamlessly. This paper focuses on assessing the intent of educators to use the ARITE system in a real - time environment for teaching embedded system courses. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is used to evaluate the parameters such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, attitude towards use, and behavioral intent for educators to use the ARITE. A total of 34 engineering educators involved in this study were introduced to the ARITE system and their input gathered on a seven - point Likert survey questionnaire. The result shows the educators have a positive attitude towards using the ARITE system to teach laboratory skills in embedded system courses. In addition, the future work is to implement ARITE to impart embedded system laboratory courses to students and measure the laboratory skills gained and its impact on cognitive load, learning motivation, self-efficacy and critical thinking.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20

References

  • Akçayir, M., Akçayir, G., Pektaş, H. M., & Ocak, M. A. (2016). Augmented reality in science laboratories: The effects of augmented reality on university students’ laboratory skills and attitudes toward science laboratories. Computers in Human Behavior, 57, 334–342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • AlNajdi, S, M., Alrashidi, M, Q., & Almohamadi, K, S. (2018). The effectiveness of using augmented reality (AR) on assembling and exploring educational mobile robot in pedagogical virtual machine (PVM). Interactive Learning Environments, 4820. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2018.1552873.

  • Alptekin, M., & Temmen, K. (2018). Design concept and prototype for an augmented reality based virtual preparation laboratory training in electrical engineering. 2018 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), 963–968. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2018.8363334.

  • Alrashidi, M., Callaghan, V., & Gardner, M. (2014). An object-oriented pedagogical model for mixed reality teaching and learning. Proceedings - 2014 international conference on intelligent environments, IE 2014, 202–206. https://doi.org/10.1109/IE.2014.37.

  • Alrashidi, M., Gardner, M., & Callaghan, V. (2017). Evaluating the use of pedagogical virtual machine with augmented reality to support learning embedded computing activity. ACM international conference proceeding series, part F1278, 44–50. https://doi.org/10.1145/3057039.3057088.

  • Andújar, J. M., Mejias, A., & Marquez, M. A. (2011). Augmented reality for the improvement of remote laboratories: An augmented remote laboratory. IEEE Transactions on Education, 54(3), 492–500. https://doi.org/10.1109/TE.2010.2085047.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Atmel. (2015). ATmega328P 8-bit AVR Microcontroller with 32K Bytes In-System Programmable Flash DATASHEET. 1–294.

  • Azuma, R., Baillot, Y., Behringer, R., Feiner, S., Julier, S., & MacIntyre, B. (2001). Recent advances in augmented reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications., 21, 34–47. https://doi.org/10.1109/38.963459.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bazarov, S. E., Kholodilin, I. Y., Nesterov, A. S., & Sokhina, A. V. (2017). Applying augmented reality in practical classes for engineering students. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 87(3), 032004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/87/3/032004.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bower, M., Howe, C., McCredie, N., Robinson, A., & Grover, D. (2014). Augmented reality in education - cases, places and potentials. In Educational Media International., 51, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2014.889400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cibulka, J., & Anthony Giannoumis, G. (2017). Augmented and virtual reality for engineering education. Proceedings of the 58th conference on simulation and Modelling (SIMS 58) Reykjavik, Iceland, September 25th – 27th, 2017, 138, 209–219. https://doi.org/10.3384/ecp17138209.

  • Cukovic, S., Devedzic, G., Ghionea, I., Fiorentino, M., & Subburaj. K. (2016). Engineering design education for industry 4.0: Implementation of Augmented Reality Concept in Teaching CAD Courses. Augmented Reality for Technical Entrepreneurs International Conference – [ARTE2016], 11–16.

  • Davis, F. D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quarterly: Management Information Systems, 13(3), 319–339. https://doi.org/10.2307/249008.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dillenbourg, P. (1999). What do you mean by collaborative learning? P. Dillenbourg. Collaborative learning: Cognitive and Computational Approaches. Oxford: Elsevier, pp.1–19.

  • Dunleavy, M., Dede, C., & Mitchell, R. (2009). Affordances and limitations of immersive participatory augmented reality simulations for teaching and learning. Journal of Science Education and Technology., 18, 7–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-008-9119-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fang, H., Ong, S, K., & Nee, A, Y, C. (2009). Robot Programming Using Augmented Reality. 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/cw.2009.14.

  • Feisel, L. D., & Rosa, A. J. (2005). The role of the laboratory in undergraduate engineering education. Journal of Engineering Education, 94, 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00833.x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fidan, M., & Tuncel, M. (2019). Integrating augmented reality into problem based learning: The effects on learning achievement and attitude in physics education. Computers and Education, 142(September 2018), 103635. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103635.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hadgraft, R, G., & Kolmos, A. (2020). Emerging learning environments in engineering education. Australasian Journal of Engineering Education, 00(00), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/22054952.2020.1713522.

  • Ibili, E., Resnyansky, D., & Billinghurst, M. (2019). Applying the technology acceptance model to understand maths teachers’ perceptions towards an augmented reality tutoring system. Education and Information Technologies., 24, 2653–2675. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09925-z.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Iftene, A., & Trandabăț, D. (2018). Enhancing the attractiveness of learning through augmented reality. Procedia Computer Science, 126, 166–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.07.220.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kastelan, I., Lopez Benito, J. R., Artetxe Gonzalez, E., Piwinski, J., Barak, M., & Temerinac, M. (2014). E2LP: A unified embedded engineering learning platform. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 38(8), 933–946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2014.09.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaur, D., Mantri, A., & Horan, B. (2018). A Framework Utilizing Augmented Reality to Enhance the Teaching–Learning Experience of Linear Control Systems. IETE Journal of Research, 2063. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2018.153282210.

  • Kumar, A., Mantri, A., & Dutta, R. (2020). Development of an augmented reality-based scaffold to improve the learning experience of engineering students in embedded system course. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22245.

  • Martin-Gutierrez, J. (2017). Editorial: Learning strategies in engineering education using virtual and augmented reality technologies. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(2), 297–300. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00630a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martín-Gutiérrez, J., Fabiani, P., Benesova, W., Meneses, M. D., & Mora, C. E. (2015). Augmented reality to promote collaborative and autonomous learning in higher education. Computers in Human Behavior, 51(Part B(October)), 752–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.11.093.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McKechnie, S., Winklhofer, H., & Ennew, C. (2006). Applying the technology acceptance model to the online retailing of financial services. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management., 34, 388–410. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550610660297.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy, M., Mallikharjuna Babu, K., Martin Jebaraj, P., Ravi Maddinapudi, L., Sunkari, V., Reddy, D. V., Kastelan, I., Lopez Benito, J. R., Artetxe Gonzalez, E., Piwinski, J., Barak, M., Temerinac, M., Restivo, M. T., Chouzal, F., Rodrigues, J., Menezes, P., Patrão, B., Lopes, J. B., Andújar, J. M., et al. (2014). Augmented reality as a tool for teaching a course on elements of engineering drawing. Proceedings - Frontiers in Education Conference, FIE, 4(December), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.054.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murthy, M., Mallikharjuna Babu, K., Martin Jebaraj, P., Ravi Maddinapudi, L., Sunkari, V., & Reddy, D, V. (2015). Augmented reality as a tool for teaching a course on elements of engineering drawing. Journal of Engineering Education Transformations, 0(0), 295. https://doi.org/10.16920/ijerit/2015/v0i0/59362.

  • Pai, F. Y., & Huang, K. I. (2011). Applying the technology acceptance model to the introduction of healthcare information systems. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 78, 650–660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2010.11.007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Romanovs, A., Soshko, O., Merkuryev, Y., & Novickis, L. (2012). Evaluation of engineering course content by bloom’s taxonomy: A case study. Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 106 LNBIP, 158–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29231-6-13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh, G., Mantri, A., Sharma, O., Dutta, R., & Kaur, R. (2019). Evaluating the impact of the augmented reality learning environment on electronics laboratory skills of engineering students. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 27(6), 1361–1375. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22156.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M., Maiti, A., Maxwell, A, D., & Kist, A, A. (2018). Using Unity 3D as the augmented reality framework for remote access laboratories. Auer M., Langmann R. (Eds) Smart Industry & Smart Education. REV 2018. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 47(581–590). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95678-7_64.

  • Souvestre, F., Anastassova, M., Gonzalez, E. A., Gutiérrez, A. S., Benito, J. R. L., & Barak, M. (2014). Learner-centered evaluation of an augmented reality system for embedded engineering education. Proceedings of the E2LP 2014 Workshop, 4, 31–34. https://doi.org/10.15439/2014f675.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Torres, F., Tovar, L. A. N., & del Rio, M. S. (2017). A learning evaluation for an immersive virtual laboratory for technical training applied into a welding workshop. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 13(2), 521–532. https://doi.org/10.12973/eurasia.2017.00629a.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M., Callaghan, V., Bernhardt, J., White, K., & Peña-Rios, A. (2018). Augmented reality in education and training: Pedagogical approaches and illustrative case studies. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing, 9(5), 1391–1402. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-017-0547-8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weng, F., Yang, R.-J., Ho, H.-J., & Su, H.-M. (2018). A TAM-based study of the attitude towards use intention of multimedia among school teachers. Applied System Innovation., 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi1030036.

  • Wormley, D. (2003). Engineering education and the science and engineering workforce. In Marye Anne fox. In Pan-Organizational Summit on the US Science and Engineering Workforce (pp. 40–46). (US): National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10727.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The authors confirms that there is no funding associated with this research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amit Kumar.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval

Authors agree to follow the ethical compliance for the publication of this manuscript.

Consent to participate

Authors agree to participate in the review process of this manuscripts and ready to make changes as per the reviewers comments.

Consent to publication

Authors give their consent for publication of the manuscripts upon completion of review process.

Code availability

Authors confirms the availability of code for the development of system. On request it can be shown to shown to the intended person(s).

Availability of data and material

All the data are available with the corresponding author (Amit Kumar), it will be made available on request at any instant of time when required.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

ESM 1

(PDF 94 kb)

Appendices

Appendix 1

1.1 Architecture overview of an 8-bit microcontroller – Atmega 328p on Arduino Uno development board

General purpose input output login pin internal circuit diagram.

figure a
figure b

Source: https://store.arduino.cc/usa/arduino-uno-rev3

Appendix 2

Source: https://technologyforlearners.com/applying-blooms-taxonomy-to-the-classroom/

figure c

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Kumar, A., Mantri, A. Evaluating the attitude towards the intention to use ARITE system for improving laboratory skills by engineering educators. Educ Inf Technol 27, 671–700 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10420-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-020-10420-z

Keywords

Navigation