Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the perceptions of school administrators and teachers about Covid-19 and distance education. The research is a descriptive study conducted to reflect the specific characteristics of the participants. In this context, the research model is the scanning model. In the population of the study, 31 school administrators and 156 teachers voluntarily participated in a province of Turkey in the 2020–2021 academic year. An easily accessible situation sampling technique was used in determining the participants. Within the scope of the research, a distance education satisfaction questionnaire was developed based on the experiences of the researcher himself, and an information form containing the personal information of the participants was used to collect data. The data within the scope of the research were collected by sending the data collection tool prepared online to school administrators and teachers. The data collection tool was delivered to participants via WhatsApp groups via google forms. While analyzing the data obtained within the scope of the study, descriptive statistical analyzes were made in all questions and basic statistical values such as frequency, percentage, standard deviation, mode, median was reported. At the end of the study, it was determined that half of the participants did not consider the distance education conducted in their schools during the epidemic period to be sufficient. Administrators and teachers; 49.7% of them stated that they could partially benefit from distance education while conducting the lessons, 40.1% stated that it is not appropriate to conduct the lessons with distance education, and 10.2% stated that all the lessons could be conducted by distance education.
Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles, news and stories from top researchers in related subjects.Data availability
Data sharing for this study is not applicable as no datasets were generated.
References
Açıkgül, K., Sevimli, E., & Poçan, S. (2021). Matematik eğitiminde mobil öğrenme [Mobile learning in mathematics education].In Yıldız, E. & Arpacı İ. (Eds.) Matematik eğitiminde yenilikçi teknolojiler [Innovative Technologies in Mathematics Education] (pp.143–162). Nobel Akademik Yayıcılık.
Ağır, F. (2007). Özel okullarda ve devlet okullarında çalışan ilköğretim öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitime karşı tutumlarının belirlenmesi. (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Balıkesir: Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
Aguayo, J. M., Valdes, J., Cordoba, V. H., Najera, M., Vazquez, F. R., Munoz, E., & Lirios, G., C (2022). Digital activism in students of a university in central Mexico in the COVID-19 era. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 2(1), 297–307. https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2022.01.014.
Al Lily, A. E., Ismail, A. F., Abunasser, F. M., & Alqahtani, R. H. A. (2020). Distance education as a response to pandemics: Coronavirus and Arab culture. Technology in Society, 63, 101317.
Altıparmak, M., Kurt, İ. D., & Kapıdere, M. (2011). E-öğrenme ve uzaktan eğitimde açık kaynak kodlu öğrenme yönetim sistemleri. XI. Akademik Bilişim Kongresi.
Alvarez, A. V. (2020). The phenomenon of learning at a distance through emergency remote teaching amidst the pandemic crisis. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 2020.
Baker, S. C., Wentz, R. K., & Woods, M. M. (2009). Using virtual worlds in education: second life as an educational tool. Teaching of Psychology, 36(1), 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00986280802529079.
Bakioğlu, B., & Çevik, M. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi sürecinde fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşleri. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4).109-130.
Bakker, A., & Wagner, D. (2020). Pandemic: Lessons for today and tomorrow? Educational Studies in Mathematics, 104(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10649-020-09946-3.
Bardakçı, S., & Keser, H. (2017). Bilişim teknolojilerinin eğitime entegrasyonu. Nobel Yayıncılık.
Barış, M. (2015). Üniversite öğrencilerinin uzaktan öğretime yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi: Namık Kemal Üniversitesi örneği. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 5(2), 36–46.
Başaran, M., Doğan, E., Karaoğlu, E., & Şahin, E. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covıd-19) pandemi sürecinin getirisi olan uzaktan eğitimin etkililiği üzerine bir çalışma. Academia Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(2), 368–397.
Becker, H. J. (2000). Findings from the teaching, learning, and computing survey: Is Larry Cuban right? Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(51), 1–31.
Beldarrain, Y. (2006). Distance education trends: integrating new technologies to foster student interaction and collaboration. Distance Education, 27(2), 139–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587910600789498.
Boucher, A. (1998). Information technology-based teaching and learning in higher education: a view of the economic issues. Journal of Information Technology for Teacher Education, 7(1), 87–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/14759399800200023.
Bozkurt, A. (2017). Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitimin dunu, bugünü ve yarını. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(2), 85–124.
Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to Coronavirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 1–6.
Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2013). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi Yayıncılık.
Can, E. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covid-19) pandemisi ve pedagojik yansımaları: Türkiye’de açık ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(2), 11–53.
Canpolat, U., & Canpolat, N. Z. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim bağlamında e-hazır olma kavramının irdelenmesi. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(3), 79–91.
Cuban, L. (2006). Why can’t schools be like businesses? School Administrator, 63(2), 32–36.
Dalgarno, B., Bishop, A. G., Adlong, W., & Bedgood, D. R. (2009). Effectiveness of a virtual laboratory as a preparatory resource for distance education chemistry students. Computers and Education, 53(3), 853–865. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2009.05.005.
Demirbilek, N. (2021). Satisfaction levels, communication situations, and difficulties encountered by university students regarding Distance Education. Education and Urban Society, 0(0), https://doi.org/10.1177/00131245211042391.
Djalilova, K. M. (2020). Advantages and disadvantages of distance learning.Наука и образованиесегодня, (7),70–72.
Dubey, P., & Pandey, D. (2020). Distance learning in higher education during pandemic: Challenges and opportunities. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 8(2), 43–46. https://doi.org/10.25215/0802.204.
Elyazgi, M. G. B., Mahrin, M. N., ri, Nor, N. Z., & Athar Imtiaz, M. (2014). Feasibility study of tablet PC acceptance among school children in Malaysia. Journal Technology (Sciences and Engineering), 69(2), 39–44. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v69.3103.
Eroğlu, F., & Kalaycı, N. (2020). Üniversitelerdeki zorunlu ortak derslerden yabancı dil dersinin uzaktan ve yüz yüze eğitim uygulamalarının karşılaştırılarak değerlendirilmesi. Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1), 236–265.
Erturgut, R. (2010). Internet temelli uzaktan eğitimin örgütsel, sosyal, pedagojik ve teknolojik bileşenleri. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 1(2), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.17671/btd.49929.
Genç, M. F., & Gümrükçüoğlu, S. (2020). Koronavirüs (Covıd-19) sürecinde İlâhiyat Fakültesi öğrencilerinin uzaktan eğitime bakışları. Electronic Turkish Studies, 15(4). 9-30.
Genç, S. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarının öğretmen görüşlerine göre incelenmesi. International Journal of Innovative Approaches in Education, 4(3), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijiape.2020.271.3.
Golden, C. (2020). Remote teaching: The glass half-full. Educause review. https://er.educause.edu
Han, F., Demirbilek, N., & Demirtaş, H. (2021). Okul yöneticisi ve öğretmenlerin koronavirüs (Covid-19) salgını sürecinde yürütülen uzaktan eğitime ilişkin görüşleri. Cumhuriyet International Journal of Education, 10(3), 1168–1193.
Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educause Review.https://er.educause.edu
Isisag, K. U. (2012, November). The positive effects of integrating ICT in foreign language teaching. In International Conference Proceedings. ICT for Language Learning.
Jin, Q. (2011). Distance education environments and emerging software systems: New technologies. Information Science Reference. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Kantos, Z. E. (2020). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin uzaktan eğitim ile ilgili düşünceleri. 8. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi-Sosyal ve Eğitim Bilimleri, 67.
Karadağ, E., Su, A., & Ergin-Kocatürk, H. (2021). Multi-level analyses of distance education capacity, faculty members’ adaptation, and indicators of student satisfaction in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(57), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00291-w.
Katsaris, I., & Vidakis, N. (2021). Adaptive e-learning systems through learning styles: a review of the literature. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 1(2), 124–145. https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2021.02.007.
Keegan, D. (2003). Foundations of distance education. Routledge Falmer Tylor & Francis Group.
Kong, Q. (2020). Practical exploration of home study guidance for students during the covid-19 pandemic: A case study of Hangzhou liuxia elementary school in Zhejiang province, China. Science Insights Education Frontiers, 5(2), 557–561. https://doi.org/10.15354/sief.20.rp026.
Konstantopoulou, G., Dimitra, V., Papakala, I., Styliani, R., Vasiliki, T., Ioakeimidi, M., Niros, A. D., Boutis, M., & Iliou, T. (2022). The mental resilience of employees in special education during thepandemic Covid-19. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 2(1), 246–250. https://doi.org/10.25082/amler.2022.01.008.
Lee, K., Fanguy, M., Lu, X. S., & Bligh, B. (2021). Student learning during COVID-19: It was not as bad as we feared. Distance Education, 42(1), 164–172. https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1869529.
Liu, Y., & Ginther, D. (1999). Cognitive styles and distance education. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 2(3), 1–17.
Lynch, M. (2020). E-Learning during a global pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 189–195.
Maryam, K., Ahmad, H., Elham, H., & Nasrin, K. (2013). The use of ICT and technology in language teaching and learning. Applied Science Reports, 10(2), 46–48.
Means, B., & Neisler, J. (2021). Teaching and learning in the time of COVID: the student perspective. Online Learning, 25(1), 8–27. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v25i1.2496.
Mohammed, D. Y. (2022). The web-based behavior of online learning: an evaluation of different countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 2(1), 263–267. https://doi.org/10.25082/amler.2022.01.010.
Nenko, Y., Кybalna, N., & Snisarenko, Y. (2020). The COVID-19 Distance Learning: Insight from Ukrainian students. Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo, 5, e8925–e8925.
OECD. (2020a). Learning remotely when schools close: how well are students and schools prepared?. Insights from PISA.
OECD (2020b). How do we re-open schools after the coronavirus pandemic? Https://oecdedutoday.com
OECD (2020c). Education responses to covid-19: Embracing digital learning and online collaboration.
Özarslan, Y. (2008). Uzaktan eğitim uygulamaları için açık kaynak kodlu öğrenme yönetim sistemleri. XIII. Türkiye’de İnternet Konferansı (pp. 55–60). ODTÜ.
Özgül, E., & Uysal, Ö. (2016). Uzaktan yaz okuluna yönelik öğrenci görüşleri. Açıköğretim Uygulamaları ve Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 130–150.
Özkul, A. E., & Aydın, C. A. (2012). Öğrenci adaylarının açık ve uzaktan öğrenmeye yönelik görüşleri.Akademik Bilişim,1–3.
Papadakis, S. (2021). Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research (A.M.L.E.R.): Mobile learning as an educational reform. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 1(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2021.01.001.
Paydar, S., & Doğan, A. (2019). Öğretmen adaylarının açık ve uzaktan öğrenme ortamlarına yönelik görüşleri. Eğitim ve Teknoloji, 1(2), 154–162.
Pınar, M. A., & Akgül, G. D. (2020). The opinions of secondary school students about giving science courses with distance education during the Covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Current Researches on Social Sciences (JoCReSS), 10(2), 461–486. https://doi.org/10.26579/jocress.377.
Postholm, M. B. (2007). The advantages and disadvantages of using ICT as a mediating artefact in classrooms compared to alternative tools. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 13(6), 587–599. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540600701683531.
Poultsakis, S., Papadakis, S., Kalogiannakis, M., & Psycharis, S. (2021). The management of digital learning objects of natural sciences and digital experiment simulation tools by teachers. Advances in Mobile Learning Educational Research, 1(2), 58–71. https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2021.02.002 .https://doi.org/10.25082/AMLER.2021.02.002.
Reich, J., Buttimer, C. J., Fang, A., Hillaire, G., Hirsch, K., Larke, L., Littenberg-tobias, J., Napier, A., Thompson, M., & Slama, R. (2020). Remote learning guidance from state education agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic: A first look. https://doi.org/10.35542/osf.io/437e2
Reimers, F. M., & Schleicher, A. (2020). A framework to guide an education response to the COVID – 19 Pandemic of 2020.
Rovai, A. P., & Kirk, T., Barnum (2003). On-Line course effectiveness: an analysis of student interactions and perceptions of learning. Journal of Distance Education, 18(1), 57–73.
Salleh, F. I. M., Ghazali, J. M., Ismail, W. N. H. W., Alias, M., & Rahim, N. S. A. (2020). The impacts of Covid-19 through online learning usage for tertiary education in Malaysia. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(8), 147–149.
Selwyn, N. (2007). The use of computer technology in university teaching and learning: a critical perspective. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23(2), 83–94. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00204.x.
Shih, T. K. (2002). Distance education technologies: current trends and software systems. First International Symposium on Cyber Worlds, 38–43.
Şimşek, I., Küçük, S., Köse Biber, S., & Can, T. (2021). Online learning satisfaction in higher education amidst the Covid-19 pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 16(1), 247–261. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5047848.
Slykhuis, D. A., Wiebe, E. N., & Annetta, L. A. (2005). Eye-tracking students’ attention to PowerPoint photographs in a science education setting. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 14(5–6), 509–520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-005-0225-z.
Turan, Z., & Gürol, A. (2020). Emergency transformation in education: stress perceptions and views of university students taking online course during the COVID-19 pandemic. Hayef: Journal of Education, 17(2), 222–242. https://doi.org/10.5152/hayef.2020.20018.
UNESCO (2020). Policy brief: Education during COVID-19 and beyond. United Nations. https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/wpcontent/uploads/sites/22/2020/08/sg_policy_brief_COVID-19_and_education_august_2020.pdf
Veletsianos, G. (Ed.). (2010). Emerging technologies in distance education. AU Press. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523987.2011.549680.
Ventura, P., & Mart ́ın-Monje, E. (2016). Learning specialized vocabulary through Facebook in a massive open online course. In New perspectives on teaching and working with languages in the digital era. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2016.tislid2014.427
Weidlich, J., & Kalz, M. (2021). Exploring predictors of instructional resilience during emergency remote teaching in higher education. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 18(43), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-021-00278-7.
Wenglinsky, H. (2005). Using technology wisely: the keys to success in schools. Teachers College Press.
Worldbank (2020). Supporting teachers during the COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic. https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/supporting-teachers-during-covid-19-coronavirus-pandemic
Yamamoto, G. T., & Altun, D. (2020). Coronavirus ve çevrimiçi (online) eğitimin önlenemeyen yükselişi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.26701/uad.711110.
YEĞİTEK (2020). EBA ve canlı sınıf kullanım saatlerinde artış. https://yegitek.meb.gov.tr
Yıldırım, K. (2020). İstisnai bir uzaktan eğitim öğretim deneyiminin öğrettikleri. Alanyazın, 1(1), 7–15.
Yılmaz, M. (2020). Uzaktan eğitimin iyileştirilmesi: Salgın kaynaklı eğitim krizini aşmak için öneriler (Politika Notu: 2020/12). İstanbul: İLKE İlim Kültür Eğitim Vakfı
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Not Applicable.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Demirbilek, N. Teachers’ and school administrators’ perceptions of emergency distance education. Educ Inf Technol 28, 8335–8355 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11528-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11528-0