Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

A pedagogical orientation system based on blockchain technology and machine learning

  • Published:
Education and Information Technologies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Traditional education systems do not provide students with much freedom to choose the right training of study that suits them, which leads on long-term to the negative effects not only on social, economic and mental’ well-being of student, but also will have a negative effect on the quality of the work produced by this student in the future. In addition, skills and talents in a specific area refer to general skills and working life practices. This paper presents a pedagogical orientation system based on blockchain technology and machine learning that accurately predicts the future specialized training and profession in which the common core student will have more opportunity to succeed. Python programming language has been used to implement the suggested pedagogical orienting mechanism in two key steps. (1) In the profiles matching step we have used the incidence matrix to correlate the professional and training profiles. (2) The student ranking issue was resolved at the ranking profiles step using the learning to rank methodology. The data used to feed the various machine learning algorithms in our system are stored on the blockchain, representing the academic results of 320 students at the end of the common core training in the computer science department of 20th august 1955 university in Skikda, Algeria, which served as a database for subsequent experiments and served to confirm the system's feasibility and credibility. The proposed system has demonstrated its effectiveness by accurately predicting the future specialized training compatible with the student's scientific capabilities, allowing him to succeed and excel. Also, it has contributed to reducing the possibility of falsifying results and certificates while enhancing security and transparency through blockchain protocols. Finally, this system encourages all participants to trust the automatic orientation process, which makes it possible to improve the issues experienced in the fields of education by enhancing interactions between the student, the university, and the employing industries during the educational orientation process.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

In this study we have generated and analyzed two different datasets:

1. The first one that supports the findings of this study are available from [20th august 1955 university of Skikda, Algeria] but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under licence for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of [20th august 1955 university of Skikda, Algeria].

2. The second dataset is available in the [O*NET] repository, [https://www.onetcenter.org/database.html].

References

  • Alammary, A., Alhazmi, S., Almasri, M., & Gillani, S. (2019). Blockchain-based applications in education. Applied Science, 9, 2400.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alkharusi, H. (2008). Effects of classroom assessment practices on students’ achievement goals. Educational Assessment, 13(4), 243–266.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bakhtiari, S., Safavi-Naini, R. and Pieprzyk J. (1995). Cryptographic hash functions. Technical Report 95–09, Vol.4, Department of computer sciences, University of Wollongong.

  • Başaran, S. (2016). Multi-criteria decision analysis approaches for selecting and evaluating digital learning objects. Procedia Computer Science, 102, 251–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bouras, A., Veillard, L, Tralongo, S. and Lenir M. (2014). Cooperative education development: Towards ICT reference models. In proc.Int.Conf. interactive learning (ICL).

  • Carlozo, L. (2017). What is blockchain?, Retrieved July 7, 2021, from: https://www.journalofaccountancy.com/issues/2017/jul/what-is-blockchain.html.

  • Castellon, C. E., Roy, S., Kreidl, O, P., Dutta, A. and Bölöni, L. (2022). "Towards a Green Blockchain: Engineering Merkle Tree and Proof of Work for Energy Optimization." In IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management.

  • Chen, G., Xu, B., Lu, M., and Chen, N.S.(2018). Exploring blockchain technology and its potential applications for education. Smart Learning Environments, 5(1), 10.

  • Hu, Y. H., Lo, C. L., & Shih, S. P. (2014). Developing early warning systems to predict students. online learning performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 36, 469–478.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karale, A., & Khanuja, H. (2019). Implementation of blockchain technology in education system. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering, 8(2), 3823–3828.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiayias, A., Koutsoupias, E., Kyropoulou, M. and Tselekounis Y. (2016). Blockchain mining games. In Proceedings of the 2016 ACM Conference on Economics and Computation, pp. 365–382.

  • Lam, T. Y. and Dongol, B. (2020). A blockchain-enabled e-learning platform. Interactive learning environments.

  • Liu, Q., Guan, Q., Yang, X., Zhu, H., Green, G. and Yin S. (2018). Education-Industry Cooperative System Based on Blockchain. In Proceedings of the 2018 1st IEEE International Conference on Hot Information-Centric Networking (HotICN), Shenzhen, China, p. 207–211.

  • Mills, D C., Wang, K., Malone, B., Ravi, A., Marquardt, J., Badev, A I., Brezinski, T., Fahy, L., Liao, K., Kargenian, V. and Ellithorpe M. (2016). Distributed ledger technology in payments. Clearing and settlement FEDS Working Paper, pp.36.

  • Mukherjee, P. and Pradhan, C. (2021). Blockchain 1.0 to Blockchain 4.0—The Evolutionary Transformation of Blockchain Technology. In SK Panda et al. (eds.), Blockchain Technology: Applications and Challenges, Intelligent Systems Reference Library 203.

  • Nakamoto S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System. Decentralized Business Review.

  • Nespor, J. (2018). Cyber ​​schooling and the accumulation of school time. Pedagogy Culture and Society, 27(3), 325–341.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nofer, M., Gomber, P., Hinz, O., & Schiereck, D. (2017). Blockchain. Business and Information. Systems Engineering, 59(3), 183–187.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nyangaresi, V. O. and Abeka, S. (2019). Blockchain Enabled E-learning Delivery Model for Enhanced Quality Learning. CommonWealth of Learning (CWL): Learning for Sustainable development, pp.15.

  • Ocheja, P., Flanagan, B., Ueda, H., & Ogata, H. (2019). Managing lifelong learning records through blockchain. Research and Practice in Technology Enhanced Learning (RPTEL), 14, 4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odelu. (2019). “IMBUA: identity management on blockchain for biometricsbased user authentication”. In: Prieto J, Das A, Ferretti S, Pinto A, Corchado J (eds) Blockchain and applications. Advances in intelligent systems and computing.

  • Olnes, S., Ubacht, J., & Janssen, M. (2017). Blockchain in government: Benefits and implications of distributed ledger technology for information sharing. Government Information Quarterly, 34(3), 355–364.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rahat Ibne Sattar M.,, Thowhid Bin Hossain Efty, M., Shadaka Rafa, T., Das, T. Sharif Samad, M., Pathak, A., Uddin Khandaker, M. and Habib Ullah, M. (2023). An advanced and secure framework for conducting online examination using blockchain method. Cyber Security and Applications.

  • Razzaq, A., Khan, M. M., Talib, R., Butt, A. D., Hanif, N., Afzal, S., & Raouf, M. R. (2019). Use of blockchain in governance: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications (IJACSA), 10(5), 685–691.

    Google Scholar 

  • Saadati, Z., Zeki, C, P. and Vatankhah, Barenji, R. (2021). On the development of blockchain-based learning management system as a metacognitive tool to support self-regulation learning in online higher education, Interactive Learning Environments. Interactive Learning Environments, pp .24.

  • Shah, D., Patel, D., Adesara, J., Hingu, P. and Shah, M. (2021). Integration Machin learning and blockchain to develop a system to vet the forgeries and provide efficient results in education sector. Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine and Art.

  • Sharma, S., Jain, S., Chandavarkar, B.R. (2021). Nonce: Life Cycle, Issues and Challenges in Cryptography. In: Kumar, A., Mozar, S. (eds) ICCCE 2020. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 698. Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7961-5_18.

  • Sharples, M. and Domingue, J. (2016). The blockchain and kudos: a distributed system for educational record, reputation and reward. In: Verbert K, Sharples M, Klobučar T (eds) Adaptive and adaptable learning. EC-TEL.

  • Sinhal, G. (2021). Principles And Prospects Of Guidance And Counseling - A Glimpse. Ilkogretim Online - Elementary Education Online, 20(6), 3268–3279. https://doi.org/10.17051/ilkonline.2021.06.306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tax, N., Bockting, S. and Hiemstra, D. (2015). A cross-benchmark comparison of 87 learning to rank methods. Information Processing & Management.

  • Tsai, C. T., Wu, J. L., Lin, Y. T., & Yeh, M. K. C. (2022). Design and Development of a Blockchain-Based Secure Scoring Mechanism for Online Learning. Educational Technology & Society, 25(3), 105–121.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai, C. T., & Wu, J. L. (2023). A Blockchain-Based Fair and Transparent Homework Grading System for Online Education. In K. Daimi, I. Dionysiou, & N. El Madhoun (Eds.), Principles and Practice of Blockchains. Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tschorsch, F., & Scheuermann, B. (2016). Bitcoin and beyond: A technical survey on decentralized digital currencies. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 18(3), 2084–2123.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tseng, L., Yao, X., & Otoum, S. (2020). Blockchain-based database in an IoT environment: challenges, opportunities, and analysis. Cluster Computer, 23, 2151–2165.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ubaka-Okoye, M., Azeta, A. A., Oni, A. A., Okagbue, H. I., Olanike, S., & Omoregbe, N. (2020). Securing educational Data using Agznt-based Blockchain technology. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research, 9(1), 2986–2938.

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, P. (2019). Does competency-based education with blockchain signal a new mission for universities. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 41(1), 104–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, Z. T., & He, B. (2012). Smart Education: New frontier of educational informatization. E-Education Research, 12, 1–13.

    ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Science Department, LRS Laboratory, Badji Mokhtar University, Annaba, Algeria

    Noura Zeroual, Mahnane Lamia & Mohamed Hafidi

Authors
  1. Noura Zeroual
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mahnane Lamia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohamed Hafidi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Noura Zeroual.

Ethics declarations

• The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

• No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.

• No funding was received for conducting this study.

• No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Conflict of interest

None.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zeroual, N., Lamia, M. & Hafidi, M. A pedagogical orientation system based on blockchain technology and machine learning. Educ Inf Technol 29, 2905–2930 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11941-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-023-11941-z

Keywords

Search

Navigation