Skip to main content
Log in

On the efficiency of evolutionary fuzzy clustering

  • Published:
Journal of Heuristics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper tackles the problem of showing that evolutionary algorithms for fuzzy clustering can be more efficient than systematic (i.e. repetitive) approaches when the number of clusters in a data set is unknown. To do so, a fuzzy version of an Evolutionary Algorithm for Clustering (EAC) is introduced. A fuzzy cluster validity criterion and a fuzzy local search algorithm are used instead of their hard counterparts employed by EAC. Theoretical complexity analyses for both the systematic and evolutionary algorithms under interest are provided. Examples with computational experiments and statistical analyses are also presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alves, V.S., Campello, R.J.G.B., Hruschka, E.R.: A fuzzy variant of an evolutionary algorithm for clustering. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, London, UK, pp. 375–380 (2007)

  • Babu, G.P., Murty, M.N.: Clustering with evolution strategies. Pattern Recognit. 27(2), 321–329 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Babuška, R.: Fuzzy Modeling for Control. Kluwer, Dordrecht (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Backer, E., Jain, A.K.: A clustering performance measure based on fuzzy set decomposition. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 3, 66–75 (1981)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Bandyopadhyay, S., Maulik, U.: Genetic clustering for automatic evolution of clusters and application to image classification. Pattern Recognit. 35, 1197–1208 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Barni, M., Cappellini, V., Mecocci, A.: A possibilistic approach to clustering. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 4, 393–396 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C.: Cluster validity with fuzzy sets. J. Cybern. 3, 58–73 (1974)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C.: Mathematical models for systemics and taxonomy. In: Proc. 8th Int. Conf. on Numerical Taxonomy, San Francisco, USA (1975)

  • Bezdek, J.C.: Pattern Recognition with Fuzzy Objective Function Algorithm. Plenum, New York (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C., Dunn, J.: Optimal fuzzy partition: a heuristic for estimating the parameters in a mixture of normal distributions. IEEE Trans. Comput. C-24, 835–838 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C., Hathaway, R.J.: Optimization of fuzzy clustering criteria using genetic algorithms. In: Proc. IEEE WCCI, USA, Orlando, pp. 589–594 (1994)

  • Bezdek, J.C., Pal, N.R.: Some new indexes of cluster validity. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. B 28, 301–315 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C., Hathaway, R.J., Howard, R.E., Wilson, C.A., Windham, M.P.: Local convergence analysis of a grouped variable version of coordinate descent. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 54, 471–477 (1987a)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Bezdek, J.C., Hathaway, R.J., Sabin, M.J., Tucker, H.T.: Convergence theory for fuzzy C-means: counterexamples and repairs. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. SMC-17, 873–877 (1987b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Campello, R.J.G.B., Hruschka, E.R.: A fuzzy extension of the silhouette width criterion for cluster analysis. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 157(21), 2858–2875 (2006)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Campello, R.J.G.B., Hruschka, E.R.: Fuzzy silhouette: an alternative cluster validity measure. In: Proc. 11th IFSA World Congress, Beijing, China, pp. 603–608 (2005)

  • Cannon, R.L., Dave, J.V., Bezdek, J.C.: Efficient implementation of the fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PAMI-8, 248–255 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cheng, T.W., Goldgof, D.B., Hall, L.O.: Fast fuzzy clustering. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 93, 49–56 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Davé, R.N., Krishnapuram, R.: Robust clustering methods: a unified view. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 5, 270–293 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, L.: Handbook of Genetic Algorithms. International Thomson Computer Press (1996)

  • Dumitrescu, D., Lazzerini, B., Jain, L.C.: Fuzzy Sets and their Application to Clustering and Training. CRC Press, New York (2000)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunn, J.C.: A fuzzy relative of the isodata process and its use in detecting compact well-separated clusters. J. Cybern. 3, 32–57 (1973)

    Article  MATH  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Egan, M.A., Krishnamoorthy, M., Rajan, K.: Comparative study of a genetic fuzzy C-means algorithm and a validity guided fuzzy C-means algorithm for locating clusters in noisy data. In: Proc. IEEE WCCI, Anchorage, USA, pp. 440–445 (1998)

  • El-Sonbaty, Y., Ismail, M.A.: Fuzzy clustering for symbolic data. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 6, 195–204 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eschrich, S., Ke, J., Hall, L.O., Goldgof, D.B.: Fast accurate fuzzy clustering through data reduction. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 11, 262–270 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Everitt, B.S., Landau, S., Leese, M.: Cluster Analysis, 4th edn. Arnold, Paris (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  • Falkenauer, E.: Genetic Algorithms and Grouping Problems. Wiley, New York (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogel, D.B.: Evolutionary Computation: Toward a New Philosophy of Machine Intelligence. IEEE Press, New York (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fogel, D.B., Simpson, P.K.: Evolving fuzzy clusters. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Neural Networks, San Francisco, USA, pp. 1829–1834 (1993)

  • Gath, I., Geva, A.B.: Unsupervised optimal fuzzy clustering. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 11, 773–781 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gustafson, D.E., Kessel, W.C.: Fuzzy clustering with a fuzzy covariance matrix. In: Proc. IEEE Conf. on Decision and Control, San Diego, USA, pp. 761–766 (1979)

  • Halkidi, M., Batistakis, Y., Vazirgiannis, M.: On clustering validation techniques. J. Intell. Inf. Syst. 17, 107–145 (2001)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hall, L.O., Özyurt, B.: Scaling genetically guided fuzzy clustering. In: Proc. ISUMA-NAFIPS, Maryland, USA, pp. 328–332 (1995)

  • Hall, L.O., Bezdek, J.C., Boggavarpu, S., Bensaid, A.: Genetic fuzzy clustering. In: Proc. NAFIPS, San Antonio, USA, pp. 411–415 (1994)

  • Hall, L.O., Özyurt, I.B., Bezdek, J.C.: Clustering with a genetically optimized approach. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 3(2), 103–112 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, R.J., Bezdek, J.C.: NERF C-means: non-euclidean relational fuzzy clustering. Pattern Recognit. 27, 429–437 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, R.J., Bezdek, J.C.: Optimization of clustering criteria by reformulation. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 3, 241–245 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, R.J., Bezdek, J.C.: Fuzzy C-means clustering of incomplete data. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B 31, 735–744 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, R.J., Devenport, J.W., Bezdek, J.C.: Relational dual of the C-means clustering algorithms. Pattern Recognit. 22, 205–212 (1989)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hathaway, R.J., Bezdek, J.C., Hu, Y.: Generalized fuzzy C-means clustering strategies using L p norm distances. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 8, 576–582 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Höppner, F.: Speeding up fuzzy C-means: using a hierarchical data organization to control the precision of membership calculation. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 128, 365–376 (2002)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Höppner, F., Klawonn, F., Kruse, R., Runkler, T.: Fuzzy Cluster Analysis: Methods for Classification, Data Analysis and Image Recognition. Wiley, New York (1999)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Hruschka, E.R., Ebecken, N.F.F.: A genetic algorithm for cluster analysis. Intell. Data Anal. 7(1), 15–25 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hruschka, E.R., Campello, R.J.G.B., de Castro, L.N.: Evolutionary search for optimal fuzzy C-means clustering. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, Budapest, Hungary, pp. 685–690 (2004a)

  • Hruschka, E.R., de Castro, L.N., Campello, R.J.G.B.: Evolutionary algorithms for clustering gene-expression data. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Mining, Brighton, England, pp. 403–406 (2004b)

  • Hruschka, E.R., Campello, R.J.G.B., de Castro, L.N.: Evolving clusters in gene-expression data. Inf. Sci. 176, 1898–1927 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hruschka, E.R., de Castro, L.N., Campello, R.J.G.B.: Clustering gene-expression data: a hybrid approach that iterates between k-means and evolutionary search. In: Grosan, C., Abraham, A., e Ishibuchi, A. (eds.) Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithms, vol. 75, pp. 313–335. Springer (2007)

  • Hung, M.-C., Yang, D.-L.: An efficient fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Data Mining (2001)

  • Jain, A.K., Dubes, R.C.: Algorithms for Clustering Data. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1988)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Kamel, M.S., Selim, S.Z.: New algorithms for solving the fuzzy clustering problem. Pattern Recognit. 27, 421–428 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaufman, L., Rousseeuw, P.J.: Finding Groups in Data—An Introduction to Cluster Analysis. Wiley Series in Probability and Mathematical Statistics (1990)

  • Kaymak, U., Setnes, M.: Fuzzy clustering with volume prototypes and adaptive cluster merging. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 10, 705–712 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kersten, P.R.: Implementing the fuzzy C-medians clustering algorithm. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 957–962 (1997)

  • Klawonn, F.: Fuzzy clustering with evolutionary algorithms. In: Proc. of 7th IFSA World Congress, Prague, Czech Republic, pp. 312–323 (1997)

  • Kolen, J.F., Hutcheson, T.: Reducing the time complexity of the fuzzy C-means algorithm. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 10, 263–267 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnapuram, R., Freg, C.-P.: Fitting an unknown number of lines and planes to image data through compatible cluster merging. Pattern Recognit. 25, 385–400 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnapuram, R., Keller, J.M.: A possibilistic approach to clustering. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 1, 98–110 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnapuram, R., Keller, J.M.: The possibilistic C-means algorithm: insights and recommendations. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 4, 385–393 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Krishnapuram, R., Joshi, A., Yi, L.: A fuzzy relative of the k-medoids algorithm with application to web document and snippet clustering. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, Seoul, Korea, pp. 1281–1286 (1999)

  • Liu, H., Li, J., Chapman, M.A.: Automated road extraction from satellite imagery using hybrid genetic algorithms and cluster analysis. J. Environ. Inf. 1(2), 40–47 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu, J., Xie, W.: A genetics-based approach to fuzzy clustering. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 2233–2240 (1995)

  • Maulik, U., Bandyopadhyay, S.: Fuzzy partitioning using real coded variable length genetic algorithm for pixel classification. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 41(5), 1075–1081 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miyamoto, S., Augusta, Y.: Efficient algorithms for L p fuzzy C-means and their termination properties. Control Cybern. 25, 421–436 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pakhira, M.K., Bandyopadhyay, S., Maulik, U.: A study of some fuzzy cluster validity indices, genetic clustering and application to pixel classification. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 155, 191–214 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, N.R., Bezdek, J.C.: On cluster validity for the fuzzy C-means model. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 3, 370–379 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, N.R., Bezdek, J.C.: Complexity reduction for ‘large image’ processing. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Part B 32, 598–611 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pal, N.R., Pal, K., Bezdek, J.C.: A mixed C-means clustering model. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, Barcelona, Spain, pp. 11–21 (1997)

  • Pal, N.R., Pal, K., Keller, J.M., Bezdek, J.C.: A possibilistic fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. IEEE Trans. Fuzzy Syst. 13, 517–530 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  • Park, H.-S., Yoo, S.-H., Cho, S.-B.: Evolutionary fuzzy clustering algorithm with knowledge-based evaluation and applications for gene expression profiling. J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 2, 1–10 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rezaee, M.R., Lelieveldt, B.P.F., Reiber, J.H.C.: A new cluster validity index for the fuzzy c-mean. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 19, 237–246 (1998)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Ruspini, E.: Numerical methods for fuzzy clustering. Inf. Sci. 2, 319–350 (1970)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Timm, H., Borgelt, C., Döring, C., Kruse, R.: An extension to possibilistic fuzzy cluster analysis. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 147, 3–16 (2004)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Triola, M.F.: Elementary Statistics. Addison Wesley Longman (1999)

  • Van Le, T.: Evolutionary fuzzy clustering. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Evolutionary Computation, Perth, Australia, pp. 753–758 (1995)

  • Windham, M.P.: Cluster validity for fuzzy clustering algorithms. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 5, 177–185 (1981)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, X.L., Beni, G.: A validity measure for fuzzy clustering. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 13, 841–847 (1991)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yuan, B., Klir, G.J., Swan-Stone, J.F.: Evolutionary fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. In: Proc. Int. Conf. on Fuzzy Systems, Yokohama, Japan, pp. 2221–2226 (1995)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ricardo J. G. B. Campello.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Campello, R.J.G.B., Hruschka, E.R. & Alves, V.S. On the efficiency of evolutionary fuzzy clustering. J Heuristics 15, 43–75 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-007-9059-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-007-9059-6

Keywords

Navigation