Abstract
A partial Latin square (PLS) is a partial assignment of n symbols to an \(n\times n\) grid such that, in each row and in each column, each symbol appears at most once. The PLS extension problem is an NP-hard problem that asks for a largest extension of a given PLS. We consider the local search such that the neighborhood is defined by (p, q)-swap , i.e., the operation of dropping exactly p symbols and then assigning symbols to at most q empty cells. As a fundamental result, we provide an efficient \((p,\infty )\)-neighborhood search algorithm that finds an improved solution or concludes that no such solution exists for \(p\in \{1,2,3\}\). The running time of the algorithm is \(O(n^{p+1})\). We then propose a novel swap operation, Trellis-swap, which is a generalization of (p, q)-swap with \(p\le 2\). The proposed Trellis-neighborhood search algorithm runs in \(O(n^{3.5})\) time. The iterated local search (ILS) algorithm with Trellis-neighborhood is more likely to deliver a high-quality solution than not only ILSs with \((p,\infty )\)-neighborhood but also state-of-the-art optimization solvers such as IBM ILOG CPLEX and LocalSolver.
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We gratefully acknowledge very careful and detailed comments given by anonymous reviewers. This work is partially supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25870661.
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The preliminary version of this paper appears in the proceedings of CPAIOR 2015 (Haraguchi 2015).
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Haraguchi, K. Iterated local search with Trellis-neighborhood for the partial Latin square extension problem. J Heuristics 22, 727–757 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-016-9317-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10732-016-9317-6