Abstract
This paper presents methodologies and techniques for fusing inertial and ultrasonic sensors to estimate the current posture of a mobile robot navigating over indoor uneven terrain. This new type of pose tracking system is developed by means of fusing an inertial navigation subsystem (INS) and an ultrasonic localization subsystem. Extended Kalman filtering (EKF)-based algorithm for integrating both the subsystems is proposed to obtain reliable attitude and position estimates of the vehicle and to eliminate the accumulation errors caused by wheel slippage and surface roughness. Experimental results are conducted to illustrate feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed system and method.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barshan, B. and Durrant-Whyte, H. F.: 1994, Orientation estimate for mobile robots using gyroscopic information, in: Internat. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Munich, Germany, pp. 2243–2248.
Barshan, B. and Durrant-Whyte, H. F.: 1995, Inertial navigation systems mobile robots, IEEE Trans. Robotics Automat. 2(3), 328–342.
Borenstein, J., Everett, H. R., and Feng, L.: 1996, Navigating Mobile Robots: Systems and Techniques, AK Peters.
Drumheller, M.: 1987, Mobile robot location using sonar, IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intelligence 9, 325–332.
Figueroa, F. and Mahajan, A.: 1994, A robust navigation system for autonomous vehicles using ultrasonics, Control Engrg. Practice 2(1), 49–59.
Foxlin, E. M.: 2002, Generalized architecture for simultaneous localization, auto-calibration, and map-building, in: IEEE/RSJ Internat. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 527–533.
Fujisawa, S., Yamamoto, T., Suita, Y., Ryuman, N., Sogo, H., and Yoshida, T.: 2001, Development of path tracking control for omni-directional mobile robot using visual servo system, in: 27th Annual Conf. of the IEEE, Vol. 3, Industrial Electronics Society, IECON, pp. 2166–2170.
Kim, J., Jee, G. I., Lee, J. G., and Sung, T.-K.: 1995, Calibration of DR and GPS/DR integration, in: Proc. of the 2nd ITS World Congress, Vol. 2, pp. 547–552.
Lai, S. W.: 2000, Multisensorial self-localization of an autonomous mobile robot over uneven terrain, MS Thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering, National Chung-Hsing University.
Leonard, J. J. and Durrant-Whyte, H. F.: 1992, Directed Sonar Sensing for Mobile Robot Navigation, Kluwer, Dordrecht.
Mae, Y., Masuda, T., Arai, T., and Inoue, K.: 2001, Error analysis of dead reckoning of multi-legged robots, in: Proc. of IEEE/RSJ Internat. Conf. on Intelligent Robots and Systems, Vol. 3, pp. 1558–1563.
Maksarov, D. and Durrant-Whyte, H.: 1995, Mobile vehicle navigation in unknown environments: A multiple hypothesis approach, IEEE Proc. Control Appl. Theory 142(4), 385–400.
Maybeck, P. S.: 1979, Stochastic Models, Estimation, and Control, Vol. 1, Academic Press, New York.
Sabatini, M.: 1995, A digital signal processing techniques for compensating ultrasonic sensors, IEEE Trans. Instrument Measm. 44(4), 869–874.
Saridis, G. N.: 1995, Stochastic Processes, Estimation, and Control: The Entropy Approach, Wiley, New York.
Song, K. T. and Suen, Y. H.: 1996, Design and implementation of a path tracking controller with the capacity of obstacle avoidance, in: Proc. of 1996 Automatic Control Conf., Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 134–139.
Sorenson, H. W.: 1990, Kalman Filtering Theory and Application, IEEE Press, New York.
Triggs, B.: 1994, Model-based sonar localization for mobile robots, Robotics Autonom. Systems 12, 173–186.
Tsai, C. C.: 1998, A localization system of a mobile robot by fusing dead-reckoning and ultrasonic measurements, IEEE Trans. Industrial Measm. 47(5), 1399–1404.
Tsai, C. C., Lai, S. W., and Lin, H. H.: 2003, Multisensorial 3D posture determination of a mobile robot using inertial and ultrasonic sensors, in: CD-ROM Proc. of Internat. Conf. on Automation Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, R. O. C., F126.
Vaganay, J., Aldon, M. J., and Poimnier, A.: 1993, Mobile robot attitude estimation by fusion of inertial data, in: Proc. of IEEE Internat. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, Atlanta, GA, pp. 3243–3248.
Wang, J. P., Tian, W. F., and Jin, Z. H.: 2003, Study on integrated micro inertial navigation system/GPS for land vehicles, in: Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proc. of IEEE, Vol. 2, pp. 1650–1653.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Tsai, CC., Lin, HH. & Lai, SW. Multisensor 3D Posture Determination of a Mobile Robot Using Inertial and Ultrasonic Sensors. J Intell Robot Syst 42, 317–335 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-005-3894-1
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-005-3894-1