Skip to main content
Log in

HumanPT: An Open-source, HumanPT Architecture-based, Robotic Application for Low Cost Robotic Tasks

  • Published:
Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, first HumanPT architecture for low cost robotic applications is presented. HumanPT architecture differs than other architectures because it is implemented on existing robotic systems (robot  robotic controller) and exploits the minimum communication facilities for real-time control that these systems provide. It is based on well-known communication methods like serial communication (USB, RS232, IEEE-1394) and windows sockets (server–client model) and permits an important number of different type of components like actuators, sensors and particularly vision systems to be connected in a robotic system. The operating system (OS) used is Microsoft Windows, the most widely spread OS. The proposed architecture exploits features of this OS that is not a real-time one, to ensure – in case that the robotic system provide such a facility – control and real time communication with the robotic system controller and to integrate by means of sensors and actuators an important number of robotic tasks and procedures. As implementation of this architecture, HumanPT robotic application and experimental results concerning its performance and its implementation in real tasks are provided. HumanPT robotic application, developed in Visual C++, is an integrated, but simultaneously an open-source software that can be adapted in different types of robotic systems. An important number of robotic tasks or procedures including sensors and particularly vision systems can be generated and executed. Small enterprises by means of the proposed architecture and the open source software can be automated at low cost enhancing in this way their production.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Valavanis, K., Saridis, G.: Architectural models for intelligent machines. Proc. IEEE Conf. Decis. Control 25, 1231–1236 (1986) December

    Google Scholar 

  2. Lefebvre, D.R., Saridis, G.N.: A computer architecture for intelligent machines. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom. 3, 2745–2750 (1992) 12–14 May, Nice, France

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Musliner, D.J., Durfee, E.H., Shin, K.G.: CIRCA: a cooperative intelligent real-time control architecture. IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cyber. 23, (6), 1561–1574 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Anderson, R.J.: SMART: a modular architecture for robots and teleoperation. Proc ΙΕΕΕ Int. Conf. Robot. Autom. 416–421 (1993), 2–6 May, Atlanta, Georgia

  5. Serning, W., Lutz, P.: Enabling Open Control Systems – an introduction to the OSACA system platform, robotics and manufacturing, vol 6ASME, New Υοrk (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  6. IEEE Guide to the POSIX Open System Environment (OSE), ΙΕΕΕ Std 1003.0 (1995)

  7. Pryor, M., Kapoor, C., Hooper, R., Tesar, D.: A reusable software architecture for manual controller integration. Proc. ΙΕΕΕ Int. Conf. Robot. Autom 4, 3583–3588 (1997) 20–25 April, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pack, R.T., Wilkes, D.M., Kawamura, G.: A software architecture for integrated service robot development. Proc. ΙΕΕΕ Int. Conf. Syst. Man Cyber – Comput. Cyber. Simulation 4, 3774–3779 (1997) 12–15 October, Orlando, FL, USA

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Fiedler, P., Schilb, C.: Open architecture robot controllers and workcell integration. Proc. Conf. FABTECT 1997, Chicago, IL (1997)

  10. Hebert, T., Valavanis, K., Kolluru, R.: A real-time, hierarchical, sensor-based robotic system architecture. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 21, 1–27 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kapoor, C., Cetin, M., Pryor, M., Cocca, C., Harden, T., Tesar, D.: A software architecture for multi-criteria decision making for advanced robotics. Proc. IEEE Int. Symposium Comput. Intelligence Robot. Autom. (CIRA), Gaithersburg, MD, USA, 525–530 (1998), 14–17 September

  12. Scheider, S.A., Chen, V.W., Pardo-Castellote, G., Wang, H.H.: Controlshell: a software architecture for complex electromechanical systems. Int. J. Rob. Res. 17, (4), 360–380 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Borelly, J., Maniere, E., Espiau, B., Kapellos, K., Pissard-Gibollet, R., Simon, S., Turro, N.: The ORCCAD architecture. Int. J. Rob. Res. 17, (4), 338–359 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Berry, G.: Α quick guide to ESTEREL. Technical Report, Ecole des Mines de Paris and INRIA (1997)

  15. Coste-Maniere, E., Turro, N.: The MAESTRO language and its environment: specification, validation and control of robotic missions. Proc. ΙΕΕΕ Int. Conf. Intell. Robot. Syst. 2, 836–841 (1997)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Fernandez, J.A., Gonzalez, J.: The NEXUS open system for integrating robotic software. Robot. Comput.– Integr. Manuf. 15, 431–440 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Morales, E.R.: GENERIS: the EC-JRC generalized software control system for industrial robots. Ind. Rob. 26, (1), 26–32 (1999)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Marchand, E.: ViSP: a software environment, for eye-in-hand visual servoing. Proc. ΙΕΕΕ Int. Conf. Robot. Autom 4, 3224–3230 (1999) Detroit, Michigan

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Coste-Maniere, E., Simmons, R.: Architecture, the backbone of robotic systems. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom. (ICRA’00) San Francisco, CA, USA, 67–72 (2000), 24–28 April

  20. Hong, K.S., Choi, K.H., Kim, J.G., Lee, S.: Α PC-based open robot control system: PC-ORC. Robot. Comput.-Integr Manuf. 17, 355–365 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Bruyninckx, Η.: Open robot control software: the OROCOS Project. Proc. Int. Conf. Robot. Autom., Seoul, Korea, 2523–2528 (2001)

  22. Ο‘Ryan, C., Schmidt, D.C., Kuhns, F., Spivak, M., Parsons, J., Pyarali I., Levine, D.L.: Evaluating Policies and Mechanisms to Support Distributed Real-time Applications with CORBA. Concurrency and Computing: Practice and Experience (Special Issue on Distributed Objects and Applications) vol. 13, p. 2. Wiley, New York (2001)

  23. Nesnas, I.A., Wright, A., Bajracharya, M., Simmons, R., Estlin, T., Kim, W.S.: CLARAty: an architecture for reusable robotic software. SPIE Aerosense Conference, Orlando, Florida (2003), April

  24. Maenpaa, T., Tikanmaki, A., Riekki, J., Roning, J.: A distributed architecture for executing complex tasks with multiple robots. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Robot. Autom. 4, 3449–3455 (2004) 26 April–1 May, New Orleans, LA, USA

    Google Scholar 

  25. Galindo, C., González, J., Fernández-Madrigal, J.A.: An architecture for close human–robot interaction. Application to Rehabilitation Robotics. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Mechatronics Autom. (ICMA’2005), Ontario (Canada), 329–334 (2005), 29 July–1 August

  26. Munich, M.E., Ostrowski, J., Pirjanian, P.: ERSP: A software platform and architecture for the service robotics industry. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Intell. Robot. Syst. (IROS 2005), 460–467 (2005) 2–6 August

  27. Collett, T.H., MacDonald, B.A., Gerkey, B.P.: Player 2.0: Toward a practical robot programming framework. Proc. Aust. Conf. Robot. Autom. (ACRA 2005), Sydney, Australia (2005), 5–7 December

  28. Newman, W., Covitch, A., May, R.: A client/server approach to open-architecture, behavior-based robot programming. Proc. 2nd IEEE Int. Conf. Space Mission Challenges Inf. Technol. (SMC-IT 2006), 17–20 July 2006

  29. Nebot, P., Cervera, E.: An integrated agent-based software architecture for mobile and manipulator systems. Robotica 25, (2), 213–220 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Stewart, D.B., Schimtz, D.E., Khosla, P.K.: The chimera IΙ real-time operating system for advanced sensor-based control applications. IEEE Trans. Syst. Μan Cybern. 22, (6), 1282–1295 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. QNX Software Systems, http://www.qnx.com

  32. Hayward, V., Ρau1, R.P.: Robot manipulator control under UMX RCCL: a robot control C library. The Int. J. Robot. Res. 5, (4), 94–111 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Toyama, Κ., Hager, G., Wang, L.: Servomatic: A modular system for robust positioning using stereo visual servoing. Proc. Int. Conf. Robot. Autom., Minneapolis, 2636–2643 (1996)

  34. Hager, G., Toyoma, K.: XVision: a portable substrate for real-time vision applications. Comput. Vis. Image Underst. 65, (1), 14–26 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J., Tarchanidis, K., Kodogiannis, V.: HumanPT: Architecture for low cost robotic applications. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Virtual Environ., Hum.- Comput. Interf. Measure. Syst. (VECIMS), La Coruna, Spain, 154–159 (2006), 10–12 July

  36. Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J.: A pseudo stereo vision system as a sensor for real time path control of a robot. Proc. IEEE Ins. Measure. Technol. Conf., Anchorage, AK, USA, 1589–1594 (2002), 21–23 May

  37. Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J.: Pseudo stereo vision system: modifications for accurate measurements in 3-D space using camera calibration. Proc. Sens. Ind. Conf. (IEEE/ISA), Houston, Texas, USA, 66–70 (2002), 19–21 November

  38. Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J.: Pseudo stereo vision system: a detailed study. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 42, (2), 135–167 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Lamda Electronics. http://www.lamdaelectronics.com/idac1.htm

  40. Aristos, D., Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J.: Robot path generation by viewing a static scene from a single camera. Proc. Int. Symposium Robot. Autom. (ISRA’02), Mexico (2002)

  41. Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J., Tsalidis, P.: A graphical user interface for the initial path generation of a robotic manipulator for an arc welding system. WSEAS ICRODIC, Skiathos, Greece, 1601–1607 (2002), September

  42. Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J.: Pseudo stereovision-based path generation method for a robotic arc-welding system. WSEAS Trans. Syst. 4, (1), 1–9 (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J.: Vision-based path generation method for a robot-based arc-welding system. J. Intell. Robot. Syst. 48, (3), 307–331 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Pachidis, T., Tarchanidis, K., Lygouras, J., Tsalides, P.: Robot path generation method for a welding system based on pseudo stereo visual servo control. EURASIP J. Appl. Signal Proc. 14, 2268–2280 (2005)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. UNIMATE Industrial Robot: User’s Guide to VAL II. Version 2.3A (1989), July

  46. Unimation. Unimate PUMA Mark III Robot, 700 Series Models 761/762, Equipment Manual, 398Z1 (1986), May

  47. ABB. http://www.abb.com/robotics

  48. FANUC Robotics. http://www.fanucrobotics.com/

  49. KUKA. http://www.kuka.com/usa/en/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Theodore Pachidis.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pachidis, T., Lygouras, J. & Tarchanidis, K. HumanPT: An Open-source, HumanPT Architecture-based, Robotic Application for Low Cost Robotic Tasks. J Intell Robot Syst 51, 385–420 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-007-9193-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-007-9193-2

Keywords

Navigation