Abstract
In this paper, a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) time stepping method combined with the standard finite element method in space is proposed to solve a class of semilinear parabolic differential equations with time constant delay. The time semi-discretization and the relevant global convergence of the DG solution under suitable uniform meshes are derived. The standard Galerkin method in space is used to obtain the fully discrete scheme and the optimal global convergence of the full discretization is presented. Numerical experiments for one-dimensional and two-dimensional equations are provided to demonstrate the theoretical results.

Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Enquiries about data availability should be directed to the authors.
References
Brunner, H., Huang, Q., Xie, H.: Discontinuous Galerkin methods for delay differential equations of pantograph type. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 48, 1944–1967 (2010)
Cockburn, B., Shu, C.: TVB Runge–Kutta local projection discontinuous Galerkin finite element method for conservation laws II: general framework. Math. Comp. 52, 411–435 (1989)
Cockburn, B., Shu, C.: Runge–Kutta discontinuous Galerkin methods for conservation domainated problems. J. Sci. Comput. 16, 173–261 (2001)
Cohen, D., Hagan, P., Simpson, H.: Spatial structures in predator-prey communities with hereditary effects and diffusion. Math. Biosci. 44, 167–177 (1979)
Dai, H., huang, Q., Wang, C.: Exponential time differencing-Padé finite element method for nonlinear convection-diffusion-reaction equations with time constant delay. J. Comput. Math. 41, 370–394 (2023)
Delfour, M., Hager, W., Trochu, F.: Discontinuous Galerkin methods for ordinary differential equations. Math. Comp. 36, 455–473 (1981)
Eriksson, K., Johnson, C., Thome, V.: Time discretization of parabolic problems by the discontinuous Galerkin method. RAIRO Modél. Math. Anal. Numér. 19, 611–643 (1985)
Eriksson, K., Johnson, C.: Adaptive finite element methods for parabolic problems I: a linear model problem. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 28, 43–77 (1991)
Eriksson, K., Johnson, C.: Adaptive finite element methods for parabolic problems II: optimal error estimates in \(L_{\infty } L_2\) and \(L_{\infty } L_{\infty }\). SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 32, 706–740 (1995)
Higham, D., Sardar, T.: Existence and stability of fixed points for a discretised nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation with delay. Appl. Numer. Math. 18, 155–173 (1995)
Huang, C.: Unconditionally stable difference methods for delay partial differential equations. Numer. Math. 122, 579–601 (2012)
Huang, C., Vandewalle, S.: An analysis of delay-dependent stability for ordinary and partial differential equations with fixed and distributed delays. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 25, 1608–1632 (2004)
Huang, Q., Li, D., Zhang, J.: Numerical investigations of a class of biological models on unbounded domain. Numer. Math. Theor. Meth. Appl. 12, 169–186 (2019)
Huang, Q., Xie, H., Brunner, H.: Superconvergence of discontinuous Galerkin solutions for delay differential equation of pantograph type. SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 33, 2664–2684 (2011)
Larsson, S., Thomée, V., Wahlbin, L.: Numerical solution of parabolic integro-differential equations by the discontinuous Galerkin method. Math. Comp. 67, 45–71 (1998)
Lasaint, P., Raviart, P.A.: On a finite element method for solving the neutron transport equation, mathematical aspects of finite elements in partial differential equations, pp. 89–123. Academic Press, New York (1974)
Lekomtsev, A., Pimenov, V.: Convergence of the scheme with weights for the numerical solution of a heat conduction equation with delay for the case of variable coefficient of heat conductivity. Appl. Math. Comput. 256, 83–93 (2015)
Ling, Z., Lin, Z.: Traveling wavefront in a hematopoiesis model with time delay. Appl. Math. Lett. 23, 426–431 (2010)
Li, D., Zhang, C., Qin, H.: LDG method for reaction-diffusion dynamical systems with time delay. Appl. Math. Comput. 217, 9173–9181 (2011)
Li, D., Zhang, C.: Superconvergence of a discontinuous Galerkin Method for first-order linear delay differential equations. J. Comput. Math. 29, 574–588 (2011)
Liu, Y., Yu, Z., Xia, J.: Exponential stability of traveling waves for non-monotone delayed reaction-diffusion equations. Electron. J. Differ. Eq. 86, 1–15 (2016)
Mustapha, K., Brunner, H., Mustapha, H., Schötzau, D.: An \(hp\)-version discontinuous Galerkin method for integro-differential equations of parabolic type. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 49, 1369–1396 (2011)
Mustapha, K.: Time-stepping discontinuous Galerkin methods for fractional diffusion problems. Numer. Math. 130, 497–516 (2015)
Mustapha, K., Mclean, W.: Superconvergence of a discontinuous Galerkin method for fractional diffusion and wave equations. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 51, 491–515 (2012)
Schötzau, D., Schwab, C.: An \(hp\) a priori error analysis of the DG time-stepping method for initial value problems. Calcolo 37, 207–232 (2000)
Schötzau, D., Schwab, C.: Time discretization of parabolic problems by the HP-version of the discontinuous Galerkin finite element method. SIAM J. Numer. Anal. 38, 837–875 (2001)
So, W., Yang, Y.: Dirichlet problem for the diffusive Nicholson’s blowflies equation. J. Differ. Equations 150, 317–348 (1998)
Sun, Z., Zhang, Z.: A linearized compact difference scheme for a class of nonlinear delay partial differential equations. Appl. Math. Model. 37, 742–752 (2013)
Thomée, V.: Galerkin finite element methods for parabolic problems. Springer Verlag, New York (1997)
Travis, C., Webb, G.: Existence and stability for partial functional differential equations. Dynam. Syst. 200, 147–151 (1976)
Wang, P.: Control of parabolic systems with boundary conditions involving time-delays. SIAM J. Control 13, 274–293 (1973)
Wu, J.: Theory and applications of partial functional differential equations. Springer, New York (1996)
Zhao, J., Zhan, R., Xu, Y.: Explicit exponential Runge Kutta methods for semilinear parabolic delay differential equations. Math. Comput. Simu. 178, 366–381 (2020)
Zubik-Kowal, B.: The method of lines for parabolic differential functional equations. IMA J. Numer. Anal. 17, 103–123 (1997)
Acknowledgements
The first author was supported by Anhui Natural Science Foundation (No. K120131028). The second author was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 11971047) and Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No. Z200002).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have not disclosed any competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Xu, X., Huang, Q. Discontinuous Galerkin Time Stepping for Semilinear Parabolic Problems with Time Constant Delay. J Sci Comput 96, 57 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-023-02278-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-023-02278-3
Keywords
- Discontinuous Galerkin time stepping
- Parabolic equations
- Time constant delay
- Fully discrete scheme
- Finite element method