Abstract
Three-dimensional post-processing operations on the volume data generated by a series of CT or MR images had important significance on image reading and diagnosis. As a part of the DIOCM standard, WADO service defined how to access DICOM objects on the Web, but it didn’t involve three-dimensional post-processing operations on the series images. This paper analyzed the technical features of three-dimensional post-processing operations on the volume data, and then designed and implemented a web service system for three-dimensional post-processing operations of medical images based on the WADO protocol. In order to improve the scalability of the proposed system, the business tasks and calculation operations were separated into two modules. As results, it was proved that the proposed system could support three-dimensional post-processing service of medical images for multiple clients at the same moment, which met the demand of accessing three-dimensional post-processing operations on the volume data on the web.









Similar content being viewed by others
References
Pianykh, O. S., Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM): a practical introduction and survival guide. Springer, Heidelberg, 2011.
Fridell, K., Aspelin, P., Edgren, L., Lindsköld, L., and Lundberg, N., PACS influence the radiographer’s work. Radiography 15:121–133, 2009. doi:10.1016/j.radi.2008.03.002.
Top, M., Physicians’ Views and Assessments on Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) in two Turkish Public Hospitals. J. Med. Syst. 36(6):3555–3562, 2012. doi:10.1007/s10916-012-9831-5.
Weisser, G., Engelmann, U., Ruggiero, S., Runa, A., Schroeter, A., Baur, S., and Walz, M., Teleradiology applications with DICOM-e-mail. Eur. Radiol. 17(5):1331–1340, 2007. doi:10.1007/s00330-006-0450-8.
Hernandez, J. A., Acuna, C. J., de Castro, M. V., Marcos, E., Lopez, M., and Malpica, N., Web-PACS for multicenter clinical trials. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 11(1):87–93, 2007. doi:10.1109/titb.2006.879601.
Rybkin, A. V., and Wilson, M., A web-based flexible communication system in radiology. J. Digit. Imaging 24(5):890–896, 2011. doi:10.1007/s10278-010-9351-0.
Tan, B., Chen, K., Zheng, X., Zhang, J., Design and evaluation of web-based image transmission and display with different protocols. Proceedings of SPIE, 2011, p 79670S. doi:10.1117/12.877755.
Zhang, J. G., Zhang, K., Yang, Y. Y., Sun, J. Y., Ling, T. H., Wang, G. R., Ling, Y., and Peng, D. R., Grid-based implementation of XDS-I as part of image-enabled EHR for regional healthcare in Shanghai. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 6(2):273–284, 2011. doi:10.1007/s11548-010-0522-8.
Silva, L. A. B., Costa, C., and Oliveira, J. L., DICOM relay over the cloud. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 8(3):323–333, 2013. doi:10.1007/s11548-012-0785-3.
Doukas, C., Pliakas, T., Maglogiannis, I., Mobile healthcare information management utilizing cloud computing and Android OS. In: 2010 Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Conference Proceedings. pp 1037–1040, 2010. doi:10.1109/iembs.2010.5628061.
Langer, S.G., Persons, K., Erickson, B.J., Blezek, D., Towards a more cloud-friendly medical imaging applications architecture: a modest proposal. J. Digit Imaging 1–7, 2012. doi:10.1007/s10278-012-9545-8.
Silva, L. A. B., Costa, C., and Oliveira, J. L., A PACS archive architecture supported on cloud services. Int. J. Comput. Assist. Radiol. Surg. 2011. doi:10.1007/s11548-011-0625-x.
Karthikeyan, N., and Sukanesh, R., Cloud based emergency health care information service in India. J. Med. Syst. 36(6):4031–4036, 2012. doi:10.1007/s10916-012-9875-6.
Hsieh, J. C., and Lo, H. C., The clinical application of a PACS-dependent 12-lead ECG and image information system in E-medicine and telemedicine. J. Digit. Imaging 23(4):501–513, 2010. doi:10.1007/s10278-009-9231-7.
Ivetic, D., and Dragan, D., Medical image on the go! J. Med. Syst. 35(4):499–516, 2011. doi:10.1007/s10916-009-9386-2.
Lee, S., Lee, T., Jin, G., and Hong, J., An implementation of wireless medical image transmission system on mobile devices. J. Med. Syst. 32(6):471–480, 2008. doi:10.1007/s10916-008-9153-9.
Valente, F., Viana-Ferreira, C., Costa, C., and Oliveira, J. L., A RESTful image gateway for multiple medical image repositories. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 16(3):356–364, 2012. doi:10.1109/titb.2011.2176497.
DICOM Part 18: Web Access to DICOM Persistent Objects (WADO). 2011. ftp://medical.nema.org/medical/dicom/2011/11_18pu.pdf. Accessed 30 April 2014.
Lipton, P., Nagy, P., and Sevinc, G., Leveraging internet technologies with DICOM WADO. J. Digit. Imaging 25(5):646–652, 2012. doi:10.1007/s10278-012-9469-3.
Warnock, M., Toland, C., Evans, D., Wallace, B., and Nagy, P., Benefits of using the DCM4CHE DICOM archive. J. Digit. Imaging 20(1):125–129, 2007. doi:10.1007/s10278-007-9064-1.
Koutelakis, G. V., and Lymberopoulos, D. K., WADA service: an extension of DICOM WADO service. IEEE Trans. Inf. Technol. Biomed. 13(1):121–130, 2009. doi:10.1109/TITB.2008.2007197.
Tomandl, B. F., Hastreiter, P., Rezk-Salama, C., Engel, K., Ertl, T., Huk, W. J., Naraghi, R., Ganslandt, O., Nimsky, C., and Eberhardt, K. E. W., Local and remote visualization techniques for interactive direct volume rendering in neuroradiology. Radiographics 21(6):1561–1572, 2001.
Mobeen, M. M., and Feng, L., Mobile visualization of biomedical volume datasets. J. Internet Technol. Secur. Trans. 1(2):52–60, 2012.
Noon, C., Holub, J., Winer, E., Real-time volume rendering of digital medical images on an iOS device. In: Akopian D, Creutzburg R, Georgiev TG et al. (eds) Multimedia Content and Mobile Devices, vol 8667. Proceedings of SPIE. SPIE-Int Soc Optical Engineering, Bellingham, 2013. doi:86670u10.1117/12.2005335.
Aycan mobile. http://www.aycan.com/products/aycan-mobile.html. Accessed 11 December 2013.
Choudhri, A. F., and Radvany, M. G., Initial experience with a handheld device digital imaging and communications in medicine viewer: OsiriX mobile on the iPhone. J. Digit. Imaging 24(2):184–189, 2011. doi:10.1007/s10278-010-9312-7.
He, L., Ming, X., and Liu, Q., A medical application integrating remote 3D visualization tools to access picture archiving and communication system on mobile devices. J. Med. Syst. 38(4):1–13, 2014. doi:10.1007/s10916-014-0044-y.
Mitchell, J.R., Sharma, P., Modi, J., Simpson, M., Thomas, M., Hill, M.D., Goyal, M., A Smartphone Client–server teleradiology system for primary diagnosis of acute stroke. J. Med. Internet Res 13(2), 2011. doi:10.2196/jmir.1732
GDCM. http://sourceforge.net/projects/gdcm/. Accessed 11 December 2013.
Open GL. (1997). http://www.opengl.org/. Accessed 6 May 2014.
Introducing JSON. http://www.json.org/index.html. Accessed 11 May 2014.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National High-Tech Re-search and Development Program of China (863 Program: 2012AA02A606), the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. NCET-10-0386), the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (HUST: CXY12Q037), Science Fund for Creative Research Group of China (Grant No. 61121004) and the seed project of WNLO.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Longjun He and Lang Xu are co-first author.
This article is part of the Topical Collection on Mobile Systems
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
He, L., Xu, L., Ming, X. et al. A Web Service System Supporting Three-dimensional Post-processing of Medical Images Based on WADO Protocol. J Med Syst 39, 6 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0196-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0196-4