Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Effect of Electrode Designs Based on the Anatomical Heart Location for the Non-Contact Heart Activity Measurement

  • Systems-Level Quality Improvement
  • Published:
Journal of Medical Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This research is an extension of a previous research [1] on the different effects of sensor location that is relatively suitable for heart rate sensing. This research aimed to elucidate the causes of wide variations in heart rate measurements from the same sensor position among subjects, as observed in previous research [1], and to enhance designs of the inductive textile electrode to overcome these variations. To achieve this, this study comprised two parts: In part 1, X-ray examinations were performed to determine the cause of the wide variations noted in the findings from previous research [1], and we found that at the same sensor position, the heart activity signal differed with slight differences in the positions of the heart of each subject owing to individual differences in the anatomical heart location. In part 2, three types of dual-loop-type textile electrodes were devised to overcome variations in heart location that were confirmed in part 1 of the study. The variations with three types of sensor designs were compared with that with a single-round type of electrode design, by using computer simulation and by performing a t-test on the data obtained from the experiments. We found that the oval-oval shaped, dual-loop-type textile electrode was more suitable than the single round type for determining morphological characteristics as well as for measuring appropriate heart activity signals. Based on these results, the oval-oval, dual-loop-type was a better inductive textile electrode that more effectively overcomes individual differences in heart location during heart activity sensing based on the magnetic-induced conductivity principle.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Koo, H., Lee, Y., Gi, S., Khang, S., Lee, J., Lee, J., Lim, M., Park, H., and Lee, J., The effect of textile-based inductive coil sensor positions for heart rate monitoring. J. Med. Syst. 38(1–12):2014, 2014. doi:10.1007/s10916-013-0002-0.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bonfiglio, A., and Rossi, D., Wearable monitoring system. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, Springer US, 2011.

  3. Teichmann, D., Foussier, J., and Leonhardt, S., Respiration monitoring based on magnetic induction using a single coil. Biomed. Circ. Syst. Conf. 2010. doi:10.1109/BIOCAS.2010.5709565.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Zheng, Y., Yan, B., Zhang, Y., and Poon, C., An armband wearable device for overnight and cuff-less blood pressure measurement. (2014). IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 61:2179–2185, 2014. doi:10.1109/TBME.2014.2318779.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Singh, M., and Jain, N., A survey on integrated wireless healthcare framework for continuous physiological monitoring. Int. J. Comput. Appl. 86:0975–8887, 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Trindade, I. G., Martins, F., Miguel, R., and Silva, M. S., Design and integration of wearable devices in textiles. Sensors & transducers. 183:42–47, 2014.

  7. Stoppa, M., and Chiolerio, A., Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review. Sensors 14:11957–11992, 2014. doi:10.3390/s140711957.

    Article  PubMed Central  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lim, Y. G., Lee, J. S., Lee, S. M., Lee, H. J., and Park, K. S., Capacitive measurement of ECG for ubiquitous healthcare. Annal. Biomed. Eng. 42:2218–2222, 2014. doi:10.1007/s10439-014-1069-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Kumara, P. S., Oha, S., Kwona, H., Raib, P., and Varadana, V. K., Smart real-time cardiac diagnostic sensor systems for football players and soldiers under intense physical training. Proc. Biosens. Info-Tech. Sens. Syst. 2013. doi:10.1117/12.2009861.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Gi, S., A design of the non-contact type textile electrode for heart rate monitoring clothing based on Magnetic- induced conductivity measurement. Yonsei University, Seoul, 2014.

  11. Song, H., Lee, J., Kang, D., Cho, H., Cho, H., Lee, J., and Lee, Y., Textile electrodes of jacquard woven fabrics for biosignal measurement. Text. Inst. 101:758–770, 2010. doi:10.1080/00405000903442086.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Stefan, K. J., Wiklund, U., Berglin, L., Östlund, N., Karlsson, M., Bäcklund, T., Lindecrantz, K., and Sandsjö, L., Wireless monitoring of heart rate and electromyographic signals using a smart T-shirt. International Workshop on Wearable, Micro and Nano Technologies for the Personalised Health. pHealth, 2008.

  13. Cho, H., Koo, S., Lee, J., Cho, H., Kang, D., Song, H., Lee, J., Lee, K., and Lee, Y., Heart monitoring garments using textile electrodes for healthcare applications. J. Med. Syst. 35:189–201, 2009. doi:10.1007/s10916-009-9356-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Kinen, M., Introduction to phase change materials. In: Intelligent Textiles and Clothing. Woodhead, 2006.

  15. Ueno, A., Akabane, Y., Kato, T., Hoshino, H., Kataoka, S., and Ishiyama, Y., Capacitive sensing of electrocardiographic potential through cloth from the dorsal surface of the body in a supine position: A preliminary study. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 54:759–766, 2007. doi:10.1109/TBME.2006.889201.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Steffen, M., Aleksandrowicz, A., and Leonhardt, S., Mobile noncontact monitoring of heart and lung activity. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. Circ. Syst. 1:250–257, 2007. doi:10.1109/TBCAS.2008.915633.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Gi, S., Lee, Y., Koo, H., Khang, S., Park, H., Kim, K., Lee, J., and Lee, J., An analysis on the effect of the shape features of the textile electrode on the non-contact type of sensing of cardiac activity based on the magnetic-induced conductivity principle. Trans. Korea Electr. Eng. 62:803–810, 2013. doi:10.5370/KIEE.2013.62.6.803.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Teichmann, D., Foussier, J., Jia, J., Leonhardt, S., and Walter, M., Noncontact monitoring of cardiorespiratory activity by electromagnetic coupling. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 60(2142–2152):2013, 2013. doi:10.1109/TBME.2013.2248732.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Steffen, M., and Leonhardt, S., Non-contact monitoring of heart and lung activity by magnetic induction measurement. Acta Polytechnol. 48:71–78, 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gi, S., Lee, Y., Koo, H., Khang, S., Park, H., Kim, K., Lee, J., and Lee, J., Application of a textile-based inductive sensor for the vital sign monitoring. J. Electr. Eng. Technol. 10(364–371):2015, 2015. doi:10.5370/JEET.2015.10.1.364.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Park, G., Electromagnetics. Books Hill, Seoul, 2010.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Oum, J., Lee, S., Kim, D., and Hong, S., Non-contact heartbeat and respiration detector using capacitive sensor with colpitts oscillator. Electron. Lett. 44:87–89, 2008. doi:10.1049/el:20082336.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Vedru, J., Gordon, R., Hummal, L., and Trolla, J., Modelling of an inductive sensor of the Foucault cardiogram. Est. J. Eng. 17:252–270, 2011. doi:10.3176/eng.2011.3.06.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee, J. W., and Lee, J. H., Smart wear: Heart activity monitoring system using inductive sensors. World of electricity. Trans. Korea Electr. Eng. 62:21–27, 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Mohrmann, D. E., and Heller, H. J., Cardiovascular physiology. Mcgraw-Hill International Edition, New York, 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Koo, H., Design methods for non-contact type heart activity-sensing clothing for the reduction of motion artifacts. Yonsei University, Seoul, 2015.

  27. Peng, G. C., and Bocko, M. F., Non-contact ECG sensing employing gradiometer electrodes. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 60:179–813, 2013.

    Article  PubMed Central  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Mid-Career Researcher Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning (NRF-2012R1A2A2A04045455).

Ethical Standards

The experiments comply with the current laws of the country in which they were performed.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research center for Textile & Fashion, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-749, South Korea

    Sun Ok Gi, Hye Ran Koo, Seung Pyo Lee & Joo Hyeon Lee

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical & Health Science, Konkuk University, 268 Chungwondaero, Chungju-si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 380-701, South Korea

    Young-Jae Lee, Kang-Hwi Lee, Kyeng-Nam Kim, Seung-Jin Kang & Jeong-Whan Lee

Authors
  1. Sun Ok Gi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Young-Jae Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hye Ran Koo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Seung Pyo Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kang-Hwi Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Kyeng-Nam Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Seung-Jin Kang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Joo Hyeon Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Jeong-Whan Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Joo Hyeon Lee or Jeong-Whan Lee.

Additional information

This article is part of the Topical Collection on Systems-Level Quality Improvement.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gi, S.O., Lee, YJ., Koo, H.R. et al. The Effect of Electrode Designs Based on the Anatomical Heart Location for the Non-Contact Heart Activity Measurement. J Med Syst 39, 191 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0339-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-015-0339-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation