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Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Rate Variability: Impact of the Level of the Threshold-Based Artefact Correction Used to Process the Heart Rate Variability Signal

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Abstract

The associations between cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and heart rate variability (HRV) have shown some inconsistencies. To examine the impact of the different Kubios threshold-based artefact correction levels on the associations between different CVD risk factors and a heart rate variability (HRV) score in three independent human cohorts. A total of 107 children with overweight/obesity, 132 young adults, and 73 middle-aged adults were included in the present study. Waist circumference and the HRV score were negatively associated using the medium and the strong Kubios filters in children (β = −0.22 and − 0.24, P = 0.03 and 0.02 respectively) and the very strong Kubios filter in middle-aged adults (β = −0.39, P = 0.01). HDL-C was positively associated with the HRV score across Kubios filters (β ranged from 0.21 to 0.31, all P ≤ 0.04), while triglycerides were negatively associated with the HRV score using the very strong Kubios filter in young adults (β = −0.22, P = 0.02). Glucose metabolism markers (glucose, insulin, and HOMA index) were inversely associated with the HRV score across Kubios filters in young adults (β ranged from −0.29 to −0.22; all P ≤ 0.03). Importantly, most of these associations disappeared after including HR as a covariate, especially in children and young adults. It should be mandatory to report the Kubios filter used and to include the HR (as a confounder factor) to allow the comparability of the results across different studies.

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Acknowledgments

This study is part of a PhD thesis conducted within the framework of the Biomedicine Doctoral Studies Programme of the University of Granada, Spain.

Funding

The project was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Reference DEP2013–47540, DEP2016–79512-R, PTA 12264-I, and DEP2017-91544-EXP). A P-F, JMAA, and FAG are supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (FPU 16/02760, FPU15/04059, and FPU14/04172). This study was additionally supported by EXERNET Research Network on Exercise and Health in Special Populations (DEP2005-00046/ACTI). This study has been partially funded by the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigación 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES); and by the Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades and European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR. Additional funding was obtained from the Andalusian Operational Programme supported with European Regional Development Funds (ERDF in English, FEDER in Spanish, project ref: B-CTS-355-UGR18).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. PROFITH “PROmoting FITness and Health Through Physical Activity” Research Group, Sport and Health University Research Institute (iMUDS), Department of Physical and Sports Education, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Carretera de Alfacar, s/n CP, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Abel Plaza-Florido, J. M.A. Alcantara, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete & Francisco B. Ortega

  2. EFFECTS-262 Research Group, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain

    Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete

  3. Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland

    Jerzy Sacha

  4. Department of Cardiology, University Hospital in Opole, University of Opole, Opole, Poland

    Jerzy Sacha

Authors
  1. Abel Plaza-Florido
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  2. J. M.A. Alcantara
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  3. Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
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  5. Francisco B. Ortega
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Contributions

Conceptualization, A.P.-F. and J.M.A.A.; Data curation, A.P.-F., J.M.A.A. and F.J.A.-G; Formal analysis, A.P.-F. and J.M.A.A.; Methodology, A.P.-F. and J.M.A.A; Writing-original draft, A.P.-F.; Writing – review & editing, A.P.-F., J.M.A.A., F.J.A.-G., J.S., F.B.O.

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Correspondence to Abel Plaza-Florido.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Plaza-Florido, A., Alcantara, J.M., Amaro-Gahete, F.J. et al. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Heart Rate Variability: Impact of the Level of the Threshold-Based Artefact Correction Used to Process the Heart Rate Variability Signal. J Med Syst 45, 2 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-020-01673-9

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