Abstract
In some applications, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) operate in very harsh environments. Sometimes, a WSN suffers from simultaneous failures of multiple sensors and gets partitioned into disjoint segments. Connectivity restoration in such a case is crucial in order to avoid negative effects on the application. Given that WSNs often operate unattended in remote areas; therefore, an auto recovery should be established. In this paper, we present the protocol Connectivity Repairing in WSN with void regions. Each segment (i.e. isolated region) selects a set of redundant nodes and classifies them according to their energy levels and creates a strengthening path to the center of their area. Simulation results show good performance of the protocol.



















Similar content being viewed by others
References
Nguyen, L.T., Defago, X., Beuran, R., Shinoda, Y.: An energy-efficient routing scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the 5th IEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems, Reykjavik, Iceland, 21–24 Oct 2008, pp. 568–572 (2008)
Misra, P., Enge, P.: Global Positioning System: Signals, Measurements, and Performance. Book Review. Ganga-Jamuna Press, Lincoln (2001)
Bulusu, N., Heidemann, J., Estrin, D.: GPS-less low cost outdoor localization for very small devices. IEEE Pers. Commun. Mag. 7(5), 28–34 (2001)
Brad, K., Kung, H.T.: GPSR: greedy perimeter stateless routing for wireless networks. In: Proceeding of the 6th Annual ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2000) (2000)
Aissani, M., Mellouk, A., Badache, N., Saidaoui, S.: Oriented void avoidance scheme for real-time routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceeding of the IEEE GlobeCom’08, Global Communication Conference, pp. 83–87, New Orleans, LA, USA, 30 Nov–Dec 04 2008
Aissani, M., Mellouk, A., Badache, N., Djebbar, M.: A preventive rerouting scheme for avoiding voids in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceeding of the IEEE GlobeCom’09, Global Communication Conference, pp. 1–5, New Orleans, LA, USA, 30 Nov–Dec 04 2009
Chiang, T.C., Chang, J.L., Tsai, Y.F., Li, S.P.: Greedy geographical void routing for wireless sensor networks. Int. J. Comput. Electr. Autom. Control Inf. Eng. 7(6), 769–777 (2013)
Chen, B., Jamieson, K., Balakrishnan, H., Morris, R.: Span: an energy-efficient coordination algorithm for topology maintenance in ad hoc wireless networks. In: ACM/IEEE International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking (MobiCom 2001), Rome, Italy, pp. 85–96, 16–21 July 2001
Zhao, J., Govindan, R., Estrin, D.: Residual energy scans for monitoring wireless sensor networks. In: Proceeding of the IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC 02), Vol. 1, Orlando, FL, USA, March 2002, IEEE, New York, pp. 356–362 (2002)
Vieira, L.F.M., Vieira, M.A.M., Ruiz, L.B., Loureiro, A.A.F., Silva, D.C., Fernandes, A.O.: Efficient incremental sensor network deployment algorithm. In: Proceeding of Brazilian Symposium on Computer Networks 2004, Gramado/RS, Brazil, pp. 3–14 (2004)
Wang, Y.C., Tseng, Y.C.: Distributed deployment scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks to ensure multilevel coverage. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 19(9), 1280–1294 (2008)
Kumar, A., Sharma, V., Prasad, D.: Distributed deployment scheme for homogeneous distribution of randomly deployed mobile sensor nodes in wireless sensor network. Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl. 4(4), 2013 (2013)
Wang, X., Xing, G., Zhang, Y., Lu, C., Pless, R., Gill, C.: Integrated coverage and connectivity configuration in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of the First ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems (SenSys’03), 5–7 November 2003, Los Angeles, California, USA (2003)
You, J., Lieckfeldt, D., Reichenbach, F., Timmermann, D.: Context-aware geographic routing for sensor networks with routing holes. German Research Foundation 2007. http://www.amd.e-technik.uni-rostock.de/veroeff/58-60237-review.pdf. Accessed 18 May 2012
Rak, J.: Resilient Routing in Communication Networks. Gdansk University of Technology, Poland (2015)
Fang, Q., Gao, J., Guibas, L.J.: Locating and bypassing holes in sensors networks. IEEE Mob. Netw. Appl. 11(2), 187–200 (2006)
Jia,W., Wang, T., Wang, W., Guo, M.: Hole avoiding in advance routing in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceedings of IEEE, pp. 3519–3523, March 2007
Aissani, M., Mellouk, A., Badache, N., Djebbar, M.: A new approach of announcement and avoiding routing voids in wireless sensor networks. In: Proceeding of the IEEE GlobeCom’08, Global Communication Conference, pp. 1790–1794, New Orleans, LA, USA, Nov 30–Dec 04 2008
Sharma, K., Sharma, T.: ZBFR: Zone Based Failure Recovery in WSNs by Utilizing Mobility and Coverage Overlapping. Springer Science + Business Media, New York (2016)
Vaidya, K., Younis, M.: Efficient failure recovery in wireless sensor networks through active spare designation. In: The Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Interconnections of Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN’10), Santa Barbara, California, June 2010
Younis, M., Akkaya, K.: Strategies and techniques for node placement in wireless sensor networks. Elsevier J. Ad Hoc Netw. 6(4), 621–655 (2008)
Tamboli, N., Younis, M.: Coverage-aware connectivity restoration in mobile sensor networks. Elsevier J. Netw. Computer Appl. 33, 363–374 (2010)
Lee, S., Younis, M.: Recovery from multiple simultaneous failures in wireless sensor networks using minimum Steiner tree. J. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 70, 525–536 (2010)
Lee, S., Younis, M.: QoS-aware relay node placement for connecting disjoint segments in wireless sensor networks. In: The Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Interconnections of Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN’10), Santa Barbara, California, June 2010
Lee, S., Younis, M.: Optimized relay node placement for connecting disjoint wireless sensor networks. Elsevier J. Comput. Netw. 56(12), 2788–2804 (2012)
Lee, S., Younis, M., Lee, M.: Connectivity restoration in a partitioned wireless sensor network with assured fault tolerance. Elsevier J. Ad Hoc Netw. 24(Part A), 1–19 (2015)
Lee, S., Younis, M., Lee, M.: Optimized bi-connected federation of multiple sensor network segments. Elsevier J. Ad Hoc Netw. 38, 1–18 (2016)
Cheng, X., Du, D.-Z., Wang, L., Xu, B.: Relay sensor placement in wireless sensor networks. Springer J. Wirel. Netw. 14(3), 347–355 (2008)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bouyahia, K., Benchaïba, M. CRVR: Connectivity Repairing in Wireless Sensor Networks with Void Regions. J Netw Syst Manage 25, 536–557 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-016-9399-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-016-9399-3