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FL-DBA: Fuzzy Logic Based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Next Generation Passive Optical Network

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Abstract

The 6 G system’s stringent latency and throughput requirements have imposed challenging constraints on Passive Optical Networks (PONs) and stretched classical Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithms to their limits. Moreover, the exponential increase in the number of connected users and the surge in generated traffic have pushed current scheduling and network management algorithms to their limits. Therefore, it has become essential to rely on artificial intelligence techniques with human-like reasoning to implement high-performance 6 G compliant online DBA schemes. In this paper, we propose a Fuzzy-Logic based DBA (FL-DBA) algorithm to significantly enhance the performance of the PON and fully meet the 6 G requirements. The FL-DBA performs fast and simultaneous, online time-wavelength scheduling with Mode Division Multiplexing, following an expert-like reasoning. Initially, a search algorithm is proposed to perform optimal scheduling for data generation and benchmarking. Subsequently, the resulting simulation data is evaluated and used as a reference to fine-tune a Mamdani Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with respect to an experienced operators reasoning. The FIS is utilized to achieve fast and efficient time-wavelength scheduling by estimating the variation in the number of channels at the output, using the latency and traffic cost as inputs. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FL-DBA technique, achieving near-optimal performance as compared to the optimal search algorithm and state-of-the-art. The proposed FL-DBA algorithm fully meets the 6 G KPI requirements, accommodating a network throughput exceeding 1.6 Tbps with latency and jitter levels below 100 \(\mu\)s and 10 \(\mu\)s, respectively, while achieving high channel utilization efficiency.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Université Côte d’Azur, LEAT, CNRS UMR 7248, 06410, Biot, France

    Ghattas Akkad

  2. Computer Engineering Department, University of Balamand, P.O. Box 100, Koura, Lebanon

    Elie Inaty

  3. Lab-STICC, UMR CNRS 6285, ENIB, 29280 Brest, France

    Jad Abou Chaaya

  4. Applied Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Lebanese University, Campus Fanar, Jdeideh, 90656, Lebanon

    Jad Abou Chaaya

  5. Telecommunications, INRS, Montreal, QC, H5A 1K6, Canada

    Martin Maier

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  1. Ghattas Akkad
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  4. Martin Maier
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Contributions

G.A designed the system, performed the simulations and wrote the article. E.I proposed the idea and guided the work. J.AC and M.M Reviewed the work and provided additional input and suggestions.

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Correspondence to Ghattas Akkad.

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Akkad, G., Inaty, E., Abou Chaaya, J. et al. FL-DBA: Fuzzy Logic Based Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Next Generation Passive Optical Network. J Netw Syst Manage 33, 24 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-025-09898-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-025-09898-0

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