Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), often composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited power, have been widely used for environmental monitoring and battlefield surveillance. A basic operation in such networks is data gathering. In the applications of data gathering without aggregation, the 1-hop nodes always incur much heavier traffic load compared with other nodes, which determine the lifetime of the whole network. Due to the energy constrained nature of sensor devices, energy-efficient methods should be employed for data gathering. In this paper, we propose a Load-Balanced and energy-efficient Tree (LBT) algorithm to maximize the lifetime of WSNs, which takes into account the load balance and energy efficiency of 1-hop nodes. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to present the upper bound of network lifetime for data gathering without aggregation with tree-based topology. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm utilizes up to 98 % of the total energy of the 1-hop nodes and outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of network lifetime. Furthermore, LBT can achieve a lifetime consistently close to the upper bound.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported in part through National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.61073147, No.61271226, No.61272410) and National Natural Science Foundation of China—Microsoft Research Asia (No.60933012), the Youth Chenguang Project of Wuhan City (No. 201050231080), the CHUTIAN Scholar Project of Hubei Province, the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province under Grant 2011CDB044, the Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation under Grant 132036, and Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (State Education Ministry, No. NCET-10-408).
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Ye, J., Peng, K., Wang, C. et al. Lifetime Optimization by Load-Balanced and Energy Efficient Tree in Wireless Sensor Networks. Mobile Netw Appl 18, 488–499 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-012-0428-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-012-0428-5