Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Loading Aware Green Power Control (LAGPC) for the Mitigation of Co-Tier Downlink Interference for Femtocell in the Future 5G Networks

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

LTE femtocell network categorized as one of small cell technologies will play an important role in future 5G networks due to the fact that it not only can expand the coverage of wireless communication systems but also can increase frequency reuse. With the growth of “Internet of Thing” (IoT), the data volume will increase explosively in the future. Hence the need to deploy femtocell is stringent. However, the growing deployments of femtocell base stations (FBSs) have brought a serious issue of inter-FBS interference (also referred to as co-tier interference) due to their easy and convenient installations. In this article, we propose a systematic approach to reduce FBS co-tier downlink interference under the scenario that FBSs are densely deployed in an environment. Power control for an FBS is performed when the number of warning messages issued from other femtocell User Equipment (FUE) is greater than a threshold for a typical distributed power control scheme. However, it will also reduce the Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio (SINR) of the FUEs connected to the FBS as well. Therefore, it will reduce the total capacity. In our proposed Loading Aware Green Power Control (LAGPC) scheme, an FBS performs power control only when the number of FUEs connected to other FBSs interfered by the FBS is greater than the number of FUEs served by this FBS. In order to solve the cell edge or cell border effect, a directional antenna assisted is proposed. Our proposed scheme has been validated through simulations that it could effectively reduce co-tier downlink interference in shared-spectrum femtocell environments, thereby boosting system performance by 32.4 and 45.9% under the scenarios with 300 FUEs and 400 FUEs to be served respectively on average. In order to solve the border effect, i.e. the FUE resides on the border of two FBSs, beamforming (BF) and Near-Far effect are proposed. Our rough studies show that BF can boost the performance of any proposed scheme by 120% at least at cost of higher device cost as well as lager header overheads in PHY layer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Luo FL, Zhang C (2016) 5G standard development: technology and roadmap. Signal Process for 5G: Algorithms and Implementations, 1, Wiley-IEEE Press. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119116493.ch23

  2. Dat PT, Kanno A, Yamamoto N, Kawanishi T (2016) 5G transport networks: the need for new technologies and standards. IEEE Commun Mag 54(9):18–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. M. Agiwal, A. Roy, and N. Saxena, “Next generation 5G wireless networks: a comprehensive survey,” in IEEE Commun Surveys Tutor, 18(3), pp. 1617–1655, third quarter 2016

  4. 3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; TDD Base Station Classification (Release 2000)

  5. Lin CC, Deng DJ, Lu LY (2017) Many-objective sensor selection in IoT systems. IEEE Wirel Commun Mag 24(3):40–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Abdullah WANW, Yaakob N, Elobaid ME, Warip MNM, Yah SA (2016) Energy-efficient remote healthcare monitoring using IoT: a review of trends and challenges.ICC '16: Proc Int Conf Internet Things Cloud Comput

  7. Jo HS, Mun C, Moon J, Yook J-G (2009) Interference mitigation using uplink power control for two-tier femtocell NetWorks. IEEE Trans Wireless Comm 8(10):4906–4910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Chandrasekhar V, Andrews J, Shen Z, Muharemovic T, Gatherer A (2009) Power control in two-tier femtocell networks. IEEE Trans Wireless Comm 8(8):4316–4328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang L, Yang L, Yang T (2010) Cognitive interference management for LTE-A femtocells with distributed carrier selection. IEEE 72nd VTC 2010-Fall: 1–5

  10. Tseng CC, Peng CS, Lo SH, Wang HC, Kuo FC, Ting KC (2014) Co-tier uplink power control in femtocell networks by Stackelberg game with pricing. Global Wireless Summit, Aalborg, Denmark

  11. Liang YS, Chung WH, Ni GK, Chen IY, Zhang H, Kuo SY (2012) Resource allocation with interference avoidance in OFDMA femtocell network. IEEE Trans Vehicular Technol 61(5):2243–2255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kang X, Zhang R, Motani M (2012) Price-based resource allocation for spectrum-sharing femtocell networks: a Stackelberg game approach. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, Spec Issue Femtocell Netw 30(3):538–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Wang J, Wang L, Wu Q, Yang P, Xu Y, Wang J (2016) Less is more: creating Spectrum reuse opportunities via power control for OFDMA femtocell networks. IEEE Syst J 10(4):1470–1481

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Giovany TI, Usman UK, Prasetya B (2013) Simulation and analysis of interference avoidance using fractional frequency reuse (FFR) method in LTE femtocell. ICOICT: 192–197

  15. Arulselvan N, Chhawchharia M, Sen M (2013) Time-domain and frequency-domain muting schemes for interference co-ordination in LTE heterogeneous networks. IEEE Int Conf Adv Netw Telecommun Syst: 1–6

  16. Bouras C, Kavourgias G, Kokkinos V, Papazois A (2012) Interference management in LTE femtocell systems using an adaptive frequency reuse scheme. Wireless Telecomm Sym 2012, London: 1–7

  17. Haddad MA, Bayoumi M (2015) Green energy solution for femtocell power control in massive deployments. 5th Int Conf Energy Aware Comput Syst Appl, Cairo: 1–4

  18. Wang H, Zhu C, Ding Z (2016) Femtocell power control for interference management based on macrolayer feedback. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 65(7):5222–5236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Asgaar BA, Bassoo V (2015) femtocell power control scheme based on the maximum frame utilization technique. IEEE EUROCON, Salamanca: 1–6

  20. Choi BG, Cho ES, Chung MY, Cheon KY, Park AS (2011) A femtocell power control scheme to mitigate interference using listening TDD frame. Int Conf Info Netw 2011 (ICOIN2011), Barcelona: 241–244

  21. Cho KT, Kim J, Jeon G, Ryu BH, Park N (2011) Femtocell power control by discrimination of indoor and outdoor users. 2011 Wireless Telecomm Sym (WTS), New York City, NY: 1–6

  22. Zhou X, Wang G, Feng G, Qin S, Guo Y (2016) Dynamic power control for maximizing system throughput in enterprise femtocell networks. Int Conf Networking Netw Appl (NaNA), Hakodate: 184–189

  23. Sanchez A, Arauz J, McClure JW, Miller Z (2016) Cooperative self-organized optimal power control for interference mitigation in femtocell networks. IEEE Colombian Conf Commun Comput (COLCOM), Cartagena: 1–6

  24. Zhang YP, Feng S, Zhang P, Xia L, Wu YC, Ren X (2013) Inter-cell interference management in LTE-A small-cell networks. IEEE 77th VTC-Spring: 1–6

  25. De Domenico A, Strinati EC, Di Benedetto M-G, (2013) Cognitive strategies for green two-tier cellular networks: a critical overview. M. S. Obaidat, A. Anpalagan, and I. Woungang (eds.). Handbook of green information and communication systems, Chap. 1, Academic Press

  26. Wang H-C, Kuo F-C, Tseng C-C, Wang B-W, Ting K-C (2016) Improving LTE femtocell Base Station network performance by distributed power control. Univ J Electr Electron Eng 4(5):113–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Liang YS, Chung WH, Ni GK, Chen Y, Zhang H, Kuo SY (2012) Resource allocation with interference avoidance in OFDMA femtocell networks. IEEE Trans Veh Technol 61(5):2243–2255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zahir T et al (2013) Interference management in femtocells. IEEE Commun Surveys Tutor 15(1):293–311

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Arslan MY et al. (2011) FERMI: a femtocell resource management system for interference mitigation in OFDMA networks. Proc 17th Ann Int Conf Mobile Comput Networking. ACM: 25–36

  30. Arslan MY et al (2013) A resource management system for interference mitigation in enterprise OFDMA femtocells. IEEE/ACM Trans Networking 21(5):1447–1460

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Li Y, Chen S, Li J, Peng M (2013) Multiuser MISO beamforming and interference cancellation in two-tier femtocell networks. 2013 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), Atlanta, GA: 736–741

  32. Chang CY, Yen HC, Lin CC, Deng DJ (2017) QoS/QoE Support for H.264/AVC Video Stream in IEEE 802.11ac WLANs. IEEE Syst J 1(4):2546–2555

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Vemuru B (2011) Transmit Smart with Transmit Beamforming [on-line] From: https://www.marvell.com/wireless/assets/Marvell-TX-Beamforming.pdf. MARVEL white paper

  34. Kuo-Chang Ting, “A comparison model for WLAN technologies, 802.11n and HeNB in LTE and the future 5G networks,“ J Internet Technol, 19(1), pp. 263–270, Jan, 2018

  35. Agrawal DP, Zeng Q (2011) Introduction to Wireless & Mobile Systems, Cengage Learning

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the financial support provided by National Science Council (MOST 104-2221-E-197–007, MOST 105-2221-E-159-001, MOST 104-2221-E-197-009, MOST 106-2221-E-003–023, and MOST 107-2634-F-155-001).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Business Administration and Department of Information Engineering, Minghsin University of Science and Technology, Xinfeng, Taiwan

    Kuo-Chang Ting

  2. Department of Information Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    WenYen Lin

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chiapin Wang

  4. MOST Joint Research Center for AI Technology and All Vista Healthcare, Taipei, Taiwan

    Chiapin Wang

Authors
  1. Kuo-Chang Ting
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. WenYen Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Chiapin Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chiapin Wang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ting, KC., Lin, W. & Wang, C. Loading Aware Green Power Control (LAGPC) for the Mitigation of Co-Tier Downlink Interference for Femtocell in the Future 5G Networks. Mobile Netw Appl 24, 864–877 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1084-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-018-1084-1

Keywords