Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Component-Centric Mobile Cloud Architecture Performance Evaluation: an Analytical Approach for Unified Models and Component Compatibility with Next Generation Evolving Technologies

  • Published:
Mobile Networks and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Mobile cloud architectures (MCAs) and their components have become significant contributors in executing resource-demanding mobile applications. Selecting the most appropriate components is vital and more challenging in designing MCAs for their developers, even with the rapid growth in components and emerging computing paradigms. However, there are neither standard agreements nor unified policies for selecting, adopting, and adapting pertinent components on building MCAs. This study investigates many state-of-the-art architectures and identifies inconsistencies around MCAs. It innovatively presents a unified approach that includes component classifications, component adoption policies, and three unified MCAs. It also evaluates the components’ contributions to the architectures, implements the proposed approach on the existing architectures, and determines components’ compatibility for next generation evolving technologies. Indeed, this study recommends that the developers should consider the introduced unified approach and the suggested future research directions while designing the MCAs and application-execution models.

Graphical abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The manuscript does not contain any specific data set.

References

  1. Wang R, Imran M, Saleem K (2020) Journal of network and computer applications a microservice recommendation mechanism based on mobile architecture. J Netw Comput Appl 152(October 2018):102510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2019.102510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Islam A, Kumar A, Mohiuddin K, Yasmin S, Khaleel MA, Hussain MR (2020) Efficient resourceful mobile cloud architecture (mRARSA) for resource demanding applications. J Cloud Comput 9(1):9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-020-0155-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bou Abdo J, Demerjian J (2017) Evaluation of mobile cloud architectures. Pervasive Mob Comput 39:284–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2016.12.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sarathchandra Magurawalage CM, Yang K, Hu L, Zhang J (2014) Energy-efficient and network-aware offloading algorithm for mobile cloud computing. Comput Netw 74(PB):22–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2014.06.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Chourasiya NL, Singh TP (2018) Computation offloading in hand-held devices using ternary decision maker in Accountance with time and energy. In: Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 34. Springer, pp 595–607

    Google Scholar 

  6. Panigrahi CR, Sarkar JL, Pati B (2018) Transmission in mobile cloudlet systems with intermittent connectivity in emergency areas. Digit Commun Netw 4(1):69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2017.09.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ahmed E, Akhunzada A, Whaiduzzaman M, Gani A, Ab Hamid SH, Buyya R (2015) Network-centric performance analysis of runtime application migration in mobile cloud computing. Simul Model Pract Theory 50:42–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2014.07.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Huang D, Xing T, Wu H (2013) Mobile cloud computing service models: a user-centric approach. IEEE Netw 27(5):6–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2013.6616109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Bahl P, Han RY, Li LE, Satyanarayanan M (2012) “Advancing the state of mobile cloud computing,” in MCS’12 - Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services, 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1145/2307849.2307856

  10. Qi H, Gani A “Research on mobile cloud computing: review, trend and perspectives,” in 2012 2nd International Conference on Digital Information and Communication Technology and its Applications, DICTAP 2012, 2012, 195–202. https://doi.org/10.1109/DICTAP.2012.6215350

  11. Abdo JB, Demerjian J, Chaouchi H, Barbar K, Pujolle G (2014) Operator centric mobile cloud architecture. In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC, 2982–2987. https://doi.org/10.1109/WCNC.2014.6952953

  12. Ravi A, Peddoju SK (2015) Handoff strategy for improving energy efficiency and cloud service availability for Mobile devices. Wirel Pers Commun 81(1):101–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-2119-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Niyato D, Wang P, Dinh HT, Lee C (2011) A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches Hoang. Wirel Commun Mob Comput (October 2011):1127–1139. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcm

  14. Fernando N, Loke SW, Rahayu W (2013) Mobile cloud computing: a survey. Futur Gener Comput Syst 29(1):84–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2012.05.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Tao L, Zhu Y, Gai K, Qiu M (2016) Intrusion detection techniqu es fo r mobile cloud computing in heterogeneous 5G. Secur Commun Netw (February 2015):1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/sec

  16. I. S. aDepartment Xiao Ma, Yong Cua (2012) “Energy Efficiency on Location Based Applications in Mobile Cloud Computing: A Survey,” In The 9th International Conference on Mobile Web Information Systems (MobiWIS) Energy, 2012, 111(10): 577–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2012.06.074

  17. Wu H, Sun Y, Wolter K (2018) Energy-efficient decision making for Mobile cloud offloading. IEEE Transactions on Cloud Computing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Gu F, Niu J, Qi Z, Atiquzzaman M (2018) Partitioning and offloading in smart mobile devices for mobile cloud computing: State of the art and future directions. J Netw Comput Appl 119. Academic Press:83–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.06.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Habiba M, Islam MR, Ali ABMS (2018) A component based unified architecture for utility service in cloud. Futur Gener Comput Syst 87:725–742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2017.10.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu Y, Kashef M, Lee KB, Benmohamed L, Candell R (2019) Wireless network Design for Emerging IIoT applications: reference framework and use cases. Proc IEEE 107(6):1166–1192. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2019.2905423

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. CRN, “10 emerging cloud computing trends to watch in 2020,” 2020. https://www.crn.com/news/cloud/10-emerging-cloud-computing-trends-to-watch-in-2020?itc=refresh (Accessed Jan 23, 2020)

  22. Noor TH, Zeadally S, Alfazi A, Sheng QZ (2018) Journal of network and computer applications Mobile cloud computing : challenges and future research directions. J Netw Comput Appl 115(January):70–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2018.04.018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Verbelen T, Simoens P, Turck F. De, Dhoedt B (2012) “Cloudlets: Bringing the cloud to the mobile user,” in MCS’12 - Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services, 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/2307849.2307858

  24. Cloud Standards Customer Council (2015) Customer cloud architecture for Mobile executive overview

  25. Bhattacharya A, De P (2017) A survey of adaptation techniques in computation offloading. J Netw Comput Appl 78. Academic Press:97–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2016.10.023

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zhou B, Buyya R (2018) Augmentation techniques for mobile cloud computing: A taxonomy, survey, and future directions. ACM Comput Surv 51(1). https://doi.org/10.1145/3152397

  27. Zhou B, Dastjerdi AV, Calheiros RN, Srirama SN, Buyya R (2017) MCloud: a context-aware offloading framework for heterogeneous Mobile cloud. IEEE Trans Serv Comput 10(5):797–810. https://doi.org/10.1109/TSC.2015.2511002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Satyanarayanan M, Bahl P, Cáceres R, Davies N (2009) The case for VM-based cloudlets in mobile computing. IEEE Pervasive Comput 8(4):14–23. https://doi.org/10.1109/MPRV.2009.82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Alizadeh M, Abolfazli S, Zamani M, Baaaharun S, Sakurai K (2016) Authentication in mobile cloud computing: A survey. J Netw Comput Appl 61. Academic Press:59–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2015.10.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Paranjothi A, Khan MS, Nijim M (2017) Survey on three components of Mobile cloud computing: offloading, distribution and privacy. J Comput Commun 05(06):1–31. https://doi.org/10.4236/jcc.2017.56001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Satyanarayanan M (2010) “Mobile computing: The next decade,” in Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services: Social Networks and Beyond, MCS’10, Co-located with ACM MobiSys 2010. https://doi.org/10.1145/1810931.1810936

  32. Shaukat U, Ahmed E, Anwar Z, Xia F (2016) Cloudlet deployment in local wireless networks: motivation, architectures, applications, and open challenges. J Netw Comput Appl 62:18–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2015.11.009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Shiraz M, Gani A, Khokhar RH, Buyya R (2013) A review on distributed application processing frameworks in smart mobile devices for mobile cloud computing. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 15(3):1294–1313. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2012.111412.00045

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Sanaei Z, Abolfazli S, Gani A, Buyya R (2014) Heterogeneity in mobile cloud computing: taxonomy and open challenges. IEEE Commun Surv Tutorials 16(1):369–392. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2013.050113.00090

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Chen M, Zhang Y, Li Y, Mao S, Leung VCM (2015) EMC: emotion-aware mobile cloud computing in 5G. IEEE Netw 29(2):32–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2015.7064900

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Khan AN, Mat Kiah ML, Khan SU, Madani SA (2013) Towards secure mobile cloud computing: a survey. Futur Gener Comput Syst 29(5):1278–1299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2012.08.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mollah MB, Azad MAK, Vasilakos A (2017) Security and privacy challenges in mobile cloud computing: Survey and way ahead. J Netw Comput Appl 84. Academic Press:38–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnca.2017.02.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Huerta-Canepa G, Lee D (2010) “A virtual cloud computing provider for mobile devices,” in Proceedings of the 1st ACM Workshop on Mobile Cloud Computing and Services: Social Networks and Beyond, MCS’10, Co-located with ACM MobiSys 2010. https://doi.org/10.1145/1810931.1810937

  39. Barca C et al (2017) “A virtual cloud computing provider for mobile devices,” in Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Electronics, Computers and Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECAI.2016.7861184

  40. Khan Au R, Othman M, Khan AN, Abid SA, Madani SA (2015) MobiByte: an application development model for Mobile cloud computing. J Grid Comput 13(4):605–628. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-015-9335-x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Mora H, Mora Gimeno FJ, Signes-Pont MT, Volckaert B, Schumann A (2019, 2019) Multilayer architecture model for Mobile cloud computing paradigm. Complexity. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3951495

  42. Wikipedia, “Mobile phone features,” Wikipedia, 2019. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phone_features (Accessed Dec. 09, 2019)

  43. FOSSBYTES, “What’s inside my smartphone: an in-depth look at the parts powering your everyday gadget,” 2017. https://fossbytes.com/whats-inside-smartphone-depth-look-parts-powering-everyday-gadget/ (Accessed Dec 09, 2019)

  44. Mishra A, Alexander T (2015) Radio communications: Components, systems and networks [Series Editorial]. IEEE Commun Mag 53(3) Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc:189. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2015.7060503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. De la Prieta F, Rodríguez-González S, Chamoso P, Corchado JM, Bajo J (2019) Survey of agent-based cloud computing applications. Futur Gener Comput Syst 100:223–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.04.037

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Yao D, Member S, Yu C (2019) Using crowdsourcing to provide QoS for Mobile cloud computing. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput 7(2):344–356. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.2015.2513390

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. PC-Race to 5G, “Mobile Processors of 2018: The Rise of Machine Learning Features | PCMag,” 2018. https://www.pcmag.com/news/mobile-processors-of-2018-the-rise-of-machine-learning-features (Accessed Jan. 21, 2020)

  48. Weitnauer MA et al (2015) Smart Wireless Communication is the Cornerstone of Smart Infrastructures. Accessed: Jan. 22, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexkonrad/2014/01/22/airport-wifi-free/#235ca52c281a

  49. George J, Chen CA, Stoleru R, Xie GG (2019) Hadoop MapReduce for Mobile clouds. IEEE Trans Cloud Comput 7(1):224–236. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCC.2016.2603474

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to express their gratitude to King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia for providing administrative and technical support.

Funding

The authors would like to express their gratitude to King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia for providing administrative and technical support. This work was supported by the Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University, under Grant RGP.2/26/43.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Management Information Systems, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Mohiuddin & Mohammad Aminul Islam

  2. Department of Information Systems, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Asharul Islam & Samreen Shahwar

  3. Department of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Khaleel & Sajid Ali Khan

  4. Department of Information Systems, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, India

    Sadaf Yasmin & Rashid Hussain

Authors
  1. Khalid Mohiuddin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Asharul Islam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Aminul Islam
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Mohammad Khaleel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Samreen Shahwar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sajid Ali Khan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Sadaf Yasmin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Rashid Hussain
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Dr. Khalid Mohiuddin: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing- Original draft preparation.

Mr. Asharul Islam: Methodology, Reviewing and Proof reading.

Mr. Mohammad Aminul Islam: Investigation, Resources, Reviewing and Editing.

Dr. Mohammed Abdul Khaleel: Visualization, Investigation.

Mrs. Samreen Shahwar: Software, Investigation, Resources.

Mr. Sajid Ali Khan: Funding acquisition.

Mrs. Sadaf Yasmin: Worked on reviewers’ comments.

Dr. Rashid Hussain: Reviewed final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khalid Mohiuddin.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

There is no competing interest.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mohiuddin, K., Islam, A., Islam, M.A. et al. Component-Centric Mobile Cloud Architecture Performance Evaluation: an Analytical Approach for Unified Models and Component Compatibility with Next Generation Evolving Technologies. Mobile Netw Appl 28, 254–271 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-022-01933-7

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-022-01933-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation