Abstract
This paper proposes a transcoding scheme from AVS to H.264/AVC. As high-compression video coding standards, H.264/AVC jointly developed by MPEG and ITU and AVS developed by the Audio Video Coding Standard Working Group of China will co-exist in the future market. Therefore, it is worthy to transcode the AVS format to the H.264/AVC format or vice versa. After an insight into the inter transcoding from AVS to H.264/AVC, a simple and effective method is proposed by reusing the mode and motion vectors to achieve high-efficient and fast transcoding. The problem in reusing the skip mode is studied and an effective method to eliminate the artifacts is proposed. Furthermore, a fast intra transcoding algorithm based on the distribution of the DCT coefficients is proposed to speed up the transcoding process. Detailed experiment results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the transcoding complexity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad I, Wei X, Sun Y, Zhang Y-Q (2005) Video transcoding: an overview of various techniques and research issues. IEEE Trans Multimedia 7:793–804
Bialkowski J, Barkowsky M, Kaup A (2006) Overview of low-complexity video transcoding from H.263 to H.264. In: International Conference on Multimedia & Expo
Chen M-J, Chu M-C, Pan C-W (2002) Efficient motion-estimation algorithm for reduced frame-rate video transcoder. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 12:269–275
Chen G, Zhang Y-d, Lin S-x, Dai F (2004) Efficient block size selection for MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding. In: Proceedings of the 12th Annual ACM International Conference on Multimedia, pp 300–303
Eleftheriadis A, Anastassiou D (1995) Constrained and general dynamic rate shaping of compressed digital video. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, Washington, DC, pp 396–399
Fernandez-Escribano G, Kalva H, Cuenca P, Orozco-Barbosa L (2006) RD-optimization for MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding. In: International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, pp 309–312
Fung K-T, Chan Y-L, Siu W-C (2002) New architecture for dynamic frame-skipping transcoder. IEEE Trans Image Process 11:886–900
Hu B, Zhang P, Huang Q, Gao W (2005) Reducing spatial resolution for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding. In: IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, pp 830–840
Int. Standards Org./Int. Electrotech. Comm. (ISO/IEC) (2000) Information technology-generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: video (MPEG-2 video), ISO/IEC 13818-2, 2nd ed
Int. Standards Org./Int. Electrotech. Comm. (ISO/IEC) (2001) Coding of audio-visual objects-Part 2: visual (MPEG-4 video), ISO/IEC 14 496-2:2001, 2nd ed
Int. Telecommun. Union-Telecommun. (ITU-T) (2003) Draft text of final draft international standard for advanced video coding. Geneva, Switzerland, Recommendation H.264 (draft)
Ji X, Zhao D, Gao W, Huang Q, Ma S, Lu Y (2004) New bi-prediction techniques for B pictures coding. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 1:101–104
Ji X, Zhao D, Gao W, Lu Y, Ma S (2004) New scaling technique for direct mode coding in B pictures. In: International Conference on Image Processing, pp 469–472
Kalva H (2004) Issues in H.264/MPEG-2 video transcoding. In: Consumer Communications and Networking Conference (CCNC), pp 657–659
Keesman G, Hellinghuizen R, Hoeksema F, Heideman G (1996) Transcoding of MPEG bitstreams. Signal Process, Image Commun 8:481–500
Lee J-B, Kalva H (2006) An efficient algorithm for VC-1 to H.264 video transcoding in progressive compression. In: International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, pp 53–56
Lee Y-K, Lee S-S, Lee Y-L (2006) MPEG-4 to H.264 transcoding using macroblock statistics. In: International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, pp 57–60
Liang F, Ma S, Wu F (2004) Overview of AVS video standard. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 1:423–426
Lu X, Tourapis AM, Yin P, Boyce J (2005) Fast mode decision and motion estimation for H.264 with a focus on MPEG-2/H.264 transcoding. In: IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp 1246–1249
Ma SW, Gao W (2006) Low complexity integer transform and adaptive quantization optimization. J Comput Sci Technol 21:354–359
Marpe D, Wiegand T, Gordon S (2005) H.264/MPEG4-AVC fidelity range extensions: tools, profiles, performance, and application areas. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp I-593–6
Meng J, Chang S-F (1998) Embedding visible video watermarks in the compressed domain. In: International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP‘98), pp 474–477
Nakajima Y, Hori H, Kanoh T (1995) Rate conversion of MPEG coded video by re-quantization process. In: International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP‘95) p 3408
Panusopone K, Chen X, Ling F (2001) Logo insertion in MPEG transcoder. In: Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Salt Lake City, UT, pp 981–984
Roma N, Sousa L (2002) Insertion of irregular-shaped logos in the compressed DCT domain. In: Proc. 14th Int. Conf. Digital Signal Processing (DSP), pp 125–128
Shanableh T, Ghanbari M (2000) Heterogeneous video transcoding to lower spatio-temporal resolutions and different encoding formats. IEEE Trans Multimedia 2:101–110
Shen B (2004) From 8-tap DCT to 4-tap integer transform for MPEG to H.264/AVC transcoding. In: International Conference on Image Processing, pp 115–118
Shen B (2006) Optimal requantization-based rate adaptation for H.264. In: International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, pp 317–320
Shen B, Sethi IK, Vasudev B (1999) Adaptive motion-vector resampling for compressed video downscaling. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 9:929–936
Song J, Yeo B-L (1999) Fast extraction of spatially reduced image sequences from MPEG-2 compressed video. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 9:1100–1114
Srinivasan S, Hsu PJ, Holcomb T, Mukerjee K, Regunathan SL, Lin B, Liang J, Lee M-C, Ribas-Corbera J (2004) Windows Media Video 9: overview and applications. Signal Process, Image Commun 19:851–875
Su Y, Xin J, Vetro A, Sun H (2005) Efficient MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC intra transcoding in transform-domain. IEEE Int Symp Circuits and Syst (ISCAS) 2:1234–1237
Sun H, Kwok W, Zdepski JW (1996) Architectures for MPEG compressed bitstream scaling. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 6:191–199
Tourapis AM, Wu F, Li S (2005) Direct mode coding for bipredictive slices in the H.264 standard. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 15:119–126
Wang X-F, Zhao D-B (2006) Performance comparison of AVS and H.264/AVC video coding standards. J Comput Sci Technol 21:310–314
Wang R, Huang C, Li J, Shen Y (2004) Sub-pixel motion compensation interpolation filter in AVS. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 1:93–96
Wang Q, Zhao D, Ma S, Lu Y, Huang Q, Gao W (2004) Context-based 2D-VLC for video coding. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo, 1:89–92
Wang Z, Gao W, Zhao D, Huang Q (2006) A fast intra mode decision algorithm for AVS to H.264 transcoding. In: International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, pp 61–64
Wang Q, Zhao D, Gao W (2006) Context-based 2D-VLC Entropy Coder in AVS Video Coding Standard. J Comput Sci Technol 21:315–322
Wiegand T, Sullivan GJ, Bjntegaard G, Luthra A (2003) Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 13:560–576
Xin J, Vetro A, Sun H (2004) Converting DCT coefficients to H.264/AVC transform coefficients. In: Pacific-Rim Conference on Multimedia (PCM), pp 939–946
Xin J, Vetro A, Sekiguchi S-i, Sugimoto K (2006) Motion and mode mapping for MPEG-2 to H.264/AVC transcoding. In: International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, pp 313–316
Yang J, Dai Q, Xu W, Ding R (2005) A rate control algorithm for MPEG-2 to H.264 real-time transcoding. In: Proc. SPIE., pp 1995–2003
Yin P, Vetro A, Liu B, Sun H (2002) Drift compensation for reduced spatial resolution transcoding. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 12:1009–1020
Yu L, Yi F, Dong J, Zhang C (2005) Overview of AVS-video: tools, performance and complexity. In: Proc. SPIE., pp 679–690
Zhang CX, Lou J, Yu L, Dong J, Cham WK (2005) The technique of pre-scaled integer transform. IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst 1:316–319
Zhou Z, Sun S, Lei S, Sun M-T (2005) Motion information and coding mode reuse for MPEG-2 to H.264 transcoding. IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst 2:1230–1233
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Z., Ji, X., Gao, W. et al. Effective algorithms for fast transcoding of AVS to H.264/AVC in the spatial domain. Multimed Tools Appl 35, 175–202 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-007-0121-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-007-0121-z