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A robust content based audio watermarking using UDWT and invariant histogram

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Abstract

Desynchronization attack is known as one of the most difficult attacks to resist, for it can desynchronize the location of the watermark and hence causes incorrect watermark detection. It is a challenging work to design a robust audio watermarking scheme against desynchronization attacks. Based on undecimated discrete wavelet transform (UDWT) and invariant histogram, we propose a new content based audio watermarking algorithm with good audible quality and reasonable resistance toward desynchronization attacks in this paper. Firstly, the undecimated discrete wavelet transform (UDWT) is performed on original host audio. Secondly, the invariant histogram is extracted from a selected wavelet coefficients range in the low frequency subband. Then, the bin of histogram is divided into many groups, each group including four consecutive bins. For each group, one watermark bit is embedded by reassigning the number of wavelet coefficients in this group of four bins. Finally, the digital watermark is embedded into the original audio signal in UDWT domain by modifying a small set of wavelet coefficients. Simulation results show that the proposed watermarking scheme is not only inaudible and robust against common signal processing operations such as MP3 compression, noise addition, and low-pass filtering etc, but also robust against the desynchronization attacks such as random cropping, time-scale modification, pitch shifting, and jittering etc.

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Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60773031 & 60873222; the Open Foundation of Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province; the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology of China under Grant No. SKLNST-2008-1-01; the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics Nanjing University under Grant No. 08-02; the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Advanced Design and Intelligent Computing, Ministry of Education; and Liaoning Research Project for Institutions of Higher Education of China under Grant No. L2010230 & 2008351.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer and Information Technology, Liaoning Normal University, No.850, Huanghe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian, 116029, China

    Hong-ying Yang, De-wang Bao, Xiang-yang Wang & Pan-pan Niu

  2. The Network and Data Security Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, 611731, China

    Xiang-yang Wang

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  1. Hong-ying Yang
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  2. De-wang Bao
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Correspondence to Xiang-yang Wang.

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Yang, Hy., Bao, Dw., Wang, Xy. et al. A robust content based audio watermarking using UDWT and invariant histogram. Multimed Tools Appl 57, 453–476 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-010-0644-6

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