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Stereo image watermarking scheme for authentication with self-recovery capability using inter-view reference sharing

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Abstract

Advances in three dimensional video is a strong stimulus for research in authentication of stereo image to avoid illegal modification. In this paper, a stereo image watermarking scheme is proposed for authentication with self-recovery capability using inter-view reference sharing. A mechanism of inter-view reference sharing in stereo image pairs is designed to reduce bits for recovery reference generation compared with independent references. Discrete wavelet transform coefficients are employed to generate the references, and two reference copies of each block embedded in two different mapping blocks are prepared for recover tamper. Moreover, detail information from high frequency coefficients is also embedded so as to improve the quality of tamper recovery. For the purpose of resisting collage attack and increasing the probability of tamper detection, disparities between pairs of matched blocks are checked to conduct tamper detection. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can detect tampered blocks with the probabilities of more than 99 % after collage attack. When stereo images are cropped from 10 to 70 % with randomly tampering, they are recovered without losing main visual information and qualities of recovery are better than those of existing monocular image watermarking schemes extended to stereo images.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (61171163, 61071120, 61271270, 61271021, 61111140392), Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Y1101240), Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (2011A610200, 2011A610197, 2012A610045), and Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department (Y201222910).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Information Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China

    Ting Luo, Gangyi Jiang, Xiaodong Wang, Mei Yu, Feng Shao & Zongju Peng

  2. National Key Lab of Software New Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China

    Mei Yu

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  1. Ting Luo
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  2. Gangyi Jiang
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  3. Xiaodong Wang
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  4. Mei Yu
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  5. Feng Shao
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  6. Zongju Peng
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Correspondence to Gangyi Jiang.

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Luo, T., Jiang, G., Wang, X. et al. Stereo image watermarking scheme for authentication with self-recovery capability using inter-view reference sharing. Multimed Tools Appl 73, 1077–1102 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1435-7

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