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Watermark design based on Steiner triple systems

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Abstract

Constructing a set of watermarks of a specific structure may be one requirement for robust watermarking. This study aims to use the structure of Steiner triple systems to generate new watermarks. That is, the new watermark is a Steiner triple system built by using two smaller ones. The structure properties are examined to recognize watermarks at the receiver site. The main advantage is no information other than the mathematical structure has to be known for watermark recognition.Theoretical proof is given to verify the proposed watermark design method, and the experiment is conducted to confirm the theoretical behavior of the generated watermarks under random noise.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Taipei University, San Shia, Taipei, 237, Taiwan

    Zhi-Fang Yang, Shyh-Shin Chiou & Jun-Ting Lee

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  1. Zhi-Fang Yang
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  2. Shyh-Shin Chiou
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  3. Jun-Ting Lee
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Correspondence to Zhi-Fang Yang.

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Yang, ZF., Chiou, SS. & Lee, JT. Watermark design based on Steiner triple systems. Multimed Tools Appl 72, 2177–2194 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1513-x

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