Skip to main content
Springer Nature Link
Log in

Facial landmarks detection using improved active shape model on android platform

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Detection of facial feature is fundamental for applications such as security, biometrics, 3D face modeling and personal authentication. Active Shape Model (ASM) is one of the most popular local texture models for face detection. This paper presents an issue related to face detection based on ASM, and proposes an efficient extraction algorithm for facial landmarks suitable for use on mobile devices. We modifies the original ASM to improve its performance with three changes; (1) Improving the initialization model using the center of the eyes by using a feature map of color information, (2) Constructing modified model definition and fitting more landmarks than the classical ASM, and (3) Extending and building a 2-D profile model for detecting faces in input image. The proposed method is evaluated on dataset containing over 700 images of faces, and experimental results reveal that the proposed algorithm exhibited a significant improvement of over 10.2 % in average success ratio, compared to the classic ASM, clearly outperforming on success rate and computing time.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Available web site is http://fei.edu.br/~cet/facebase.html

  2. Available web site is http://www.kasrl.org/jaffe_info.html

  3. Available ftp site is ftp://guest@220.149.231.235

References

  1. Cootes T (2000) An Introduction to Active Shape Models. Image Processing and Analysis: A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, pp. 223–248

  2. Cootes TF, Edwards GJ, Taylor CJ (2001) Active Appearance Models. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 23(6):681–685

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cootes TF, Edwards GJ, Taylor CJ (1999) Comparing active shape models with active appearance models. 10th British Machine Vision Conference, pp.173–182

  4. Dailey MN, Joyce C, Lyons MJ, Kamachi M, Ishi H, Gyoba J, Cottrell GW (2010) Evidence and a computational explanation of cultural differences in facial expression recognition. Emotion 10(6):874–893

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ginneken B, Frangi AF, Stall JJ, Romeny BH (2002) Active shape model segmentation with optimal features. IEEE-TMI 21:924–933

    Google Scholar 

  6. Hsu R-L, Abdel-Mottaleb M, Jain AK (2002) Face Detection in Color Images. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 24(5):696–706

    Google Scholar 

  7. Kobayashi S, Hashimoto S (1995) Automated feature extraction of face image and its applications. 4th IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication, pp. 164–169

  8. Le HT, Vo NT (2011) Face alignment using active shape model and support vector machine. International Journal of Biometrics and Bioinformatics 4(6):224–234

    Google Scholar 

  9. Masip D, Vitria J (2004) Real Time Face Detection and Verification for Uncontrolled Environments. 2nd COST Workshop—Biometrics on the Internet: Fundamentals, Advances and Applications, pp. 55–58

  10. Seshadri K, Savvides M (2009) Robust Modified Active Shape Model for Automatic Facial Landmark Annotation of Frontal Faces. 3rd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications and Systems, pp. 1–8

  11. Thomaz CE, Giraldi GA (2010) A new ranking method for principal components analysis and its application of face image analysis. Image Vis Comput 28(6):902–913

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Yagi Y (2000) Facial feature extraction from frontal face image. 5th International Conference on Signal Processing, WCCC-ICSP, pp. 1225–1232

  13. Zhao W, Chellappa R, Phillips P, Rosenfeld A (2003) Face recognition: a literature survey. ACM Comput Surv 35(4):399–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhou Y, Gu L, Zhang HJ (2003) Bayesian Tangent Shape Model: Estimating Shape and Pose Parameters via Bayesian Inference. IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 109–116

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST) and Korea Creative Content Agency (KOCCA) in the Culture Technology (CT) Research & Development Program 2013.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Computer Engineering, Dankook University, 152, Jukgeon-ro, Suji-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 448-701, South Korea

    Yong-Hwan Lee

  2. Department of Computer Science, Namseoul University, 91 Daehak-ro, Seongwhaneub, Seobuk-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea

    Cheong Ghil Kim

  3. Department of Electronic Engineering, Dankook University, 119 Dandae-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea

    Youngseop Kim

  4. Department of Interactive Media, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea

    Taeg Keun Whangbo

Authors
  1. Yong-Hwan Lee
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Cheong Ghil Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  3. Youngseop Kim
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  4. Taeg Keun Whangbo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cheong Ghil Kim.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Lee, YH., Kim, C.G., Kim, Y. et al. Facial landmarks detection using improved active shape model on android platform. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 8821–8830 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1565-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1565-y

Keywords