Abstract
This paper presents a novel robust multiple watermarking method for regional attacks of digital images. The core idea of the proposed method is to divide the host image into 4 × 4 non-overlapping regions and embed the watermark image into these regions repeatedly. First, the binary watermark image is scrambled by Arnold transform and divided into four equal parts. Then, the variance and mean value information of each 8 × 8 size block in the host image is used as side information, and each part of the scrambled watermark is embedded in the particular four regions of the host image. In the watermark extraction process, each part of the scrambled watermark image is divided into four equal sub-parts further. The similarity between the sub-part of the scrambled watermark and each extracted watermark segment corresponding to this sub-part is used as side information to search the final extracted watermark segment. For ensuring the visual quality of the watermarked image, the watermark embedding quantization steps are selected by combining Human Visual System (HVS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). Moreover, a novel watermark quality evaluating measurement, called Weighted Normalized Correlation (WNC), is proposed. Experimental results demonstrate good visual imperceptibility and robustness of the proposed method against traditional regional attacks, accidental attacks and joint attacks, which are performed by Stirmark or Adobe Photoshop CS5.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmed N, Al-Gindy, Ahmad HA (2007). A new blind image watermarking of handwritten signatures using low-frequency band DCT coefficients. IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing and Communications.
Amirgholipour SDK, Nilchi AR (2009) Robust digital image watermarking based on joint DWT-DCT. International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications; 3(2):42–54
An LL, Gao XB, Yuan Y, Tao DC, Deng C, Ji F (2012) Content-adaptive reliable robust lossless data embedding. Neurocomputing 79(3):1–11
Aslantas V (2008) A singular-value decomposition-based image watermarking using genetic algorithm. AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 62(5):386–394
Banitalebi A, Banitalebi M (2012). An optimization technique based on structural similarity thresholding for digital watermarking, Submitted to International Arab Journal of Information Technology, IAJIT
Bei YL, Yang DY, Liu MX, Zhu LL (2011) A multi-channel watermarking scheme based on HVS and DCT-DWT. IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE), 2011; 4(16):305–308
Benhocine A, Laouamer L, Nana L, Pascu AC (2013) New images watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 4(1):9–18
Chang CC, Tsai PY, Lin CC (2005) SVD-based digital image watermarking scheme. Pattern Recogn Lett 26(10):1577–1586
Chen XQ, Zhang JH (2012) Clustering algorithm based on improved particle swarm optimization. Journal of Computer Research and Development 49(Suppl):287–291
Chua KK (2011) Development and analysis of spatial domain and transform domain watermarking technique. Final Year Project, UTAR
Cox IJ, Miller ML, Bloom JA (2002) Digital watermarking. Morgan-Kaufmann, San Francisco
Dehkordi, Banitalebi A (2011). Robust LSB watermarking optimized for local structural similarity. 19th Iranian Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEE); Pages: 1-6
Fabien AP, Petitcolas (2000) Watermarking schemes evaluation. IEEE Signal Process Mag 17(5):58–64
Gonzalez RC, Woods RE (1998). Bluetooth – The universal radio interface for ad hoc wireless connectivity. The Telecommunications Technology Journal No. 3
Huang HC, Chu CM, Pan JS (2009) The optimized copyright protection system with genetic watermarking. Soft Comput 13(4):333–343
Jin C, Jin SW (2010) Image watermark algorithm for copyright protection based on human visual system. International Conference of Information Science and Management Engineering (ISME) 01:64–67
Jutta H, ammerle-Uhl, Christian K, and Andreas U (2011). Multiple blind re-watermarking with quantization-based embedding. 18th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing 2011; Pages: 265-268
Lai CC (2011) A digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm. Digital Signal Processing 21(4):522–527
Latif A (2013) An adaptive digital image watermarking scheme using fuzzy logic and Tabu Search. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 4(4):250–271
Lian S, Kanellopoulos D, Ruffo G (2009) Recent advances in multimedia information system security. Informatica, Slovenian Society Information 33(1):3–24
Ling HC, W. Phan RC, Heng SH (2012) On the security of digital watermarking scheme based on singular value decomposition and tiny genetic algorithm. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 3(2):135–141
Liu YN, Wang G, Chen HL, Dong H, Zhu XD, Wang SJ (2011) An improved particle swarm optimization for feature selection. Journal of Bionic Engineering 8(2):191–200
Lu W, Sun W, Lu HT (2009) Robust watermarking based on DWT and nonnegative matrix factorization. Journal Computers and Electrical Engineering 35(1):183–188
Lubin J, Bloom JA, Cheng H (2003) Robust, content-dependent, high-fidelity watermark for tracking in. digital cinema. Proc SPIE 5020:536–545
Mintzer F, Braudaway GW (1999) If one watermark is good, are more better? In Proceedings of the 1999. International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP’99), Phoenix, AZ, USA 4:2067–2070
Namazi F, Karami MR, Ramazannia SB (2012) Block-based Adaptive Image Watermarking Scheme using Visual Perception Model in DCT Domain. International Journal of Computer Applications 41(4):41–45
Nasir I, Weng Y, Jiang JM, Ipson S (2010) Multiple spatial watermarking technique in color images. SIViP 4(2):145–154
Nicholas PS, Reihaneh SN, and Philip O (2001). On multiple watermarking. In proceedings of the 9th ACM Multimedia 2001 Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Sept, pp. 3–6
Run RS, Horng SJ, Lai JL, Kao TW, Chen RJ (2012) An improved SVD-based watermarking technique for copyright protection. Expert Syst Appl 39(1):673–689
Run RS, Horng SJ, Lin WH, Kao TW, Fan PZ, Khan MK (2011) An efficient wavelet-tree-based watermarking method. Expert Syst Appl 38(12):14357–14366
Sheikh HR, Bovic AC (2006) Image information and visual quality. IEEE Trans Image Process 15(2):430–44
Shena JJ, Ren JM (2010) A robust associative watermarking technique based on vector quantization. Digital Signal Processing 20(5):1408–1423
Shi YH (1998) A modified particle swarm optimizer. Evolutionary Computation Proceedings. IEEE World Congress on, Computational Intelligence, pp 69–73
Shieh CS, Huang HC, Wang FH, Pan JS (2003) An embedding algorithm for multiple watermarks. J Inf Sci Eng 19(2):381–395
Shieh CS, Huang HC, Wang FH, Pan JS (2004) Genetic watermarking based on transform-domain techniques. Pattern Recogn 37(3):555–565
Unler A, Murat A (2010) A discrete particle swarm optimization method for feature selection in binary classification problems. Eur J Oper Res 206(3):528–539
Wang Z (2004) Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(4):600–612
Wang YL (2011) Emerald Article: Robust watermarking in wavelet domain based on chaotic. Sens Rev 31(4):349–357
Wang Z and Bovik AC (2009). Mean squared error: love it or leave it? IEEE Signal Processing Magazine
Wang XY, Niu PP, Meng L, Yang HY (2011) A robust content based image watermarking using local invariant histogram. Multimedia Tools and Applications; 54(2):341–363
Weng S, Chu SC, Cai N, Zhan R (2013) Invariability of mean value based reversible watermarking. Journal of Information Hiding and Multimedia Signal Processing 4(2):90–98
Wu WC, Ren GR (2011). A DCT-based robust image watermarking using local moment. 2011 3rd International Conference on Data Mining and Intelligent Information Technology Applications (ICMiA); Page(s): 122 – 126
Xi ML, Sun J, Xu WB (2008) An improved quantum-behaved particle swarm optimization algorithm with weighted mean best position. Appl Math Comput 205(12):751–759
Xu N (2011) A multi-bit digital watermarking algorithm with side information. International Conference on Electronic and Mechanical Engineering and Information Technology (EMEIT) 6:3058–3061, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
Zhan ZH, Zhang J, Li Y (2009) Adaptive particle swarm optimization. IEEE Transactions on Systems Man and Cybernetics 39(6):1362–1381
Zhu SM, Liu JM (2009) A novel adaptive watermarking scheme based on human visual system and particle swarm optimization. Information Security Practice and Experience. Lecture Notes in Computer Science Volume 5451(2009):136–146
Acknowledgments
This research is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60971089 and National Electronic Development Foundation of China under Grant No. 2009537.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, Y., Wang, Y. & Zhu, X. Novel robust multiple watermarking against regional attacks of digital images. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 4765–4787 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1838-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1838-5