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Novel steganographic method based on generalized K-distance N-dimensional pixel matching

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Abstract

In this paper, a steganographic scheme adopting the concept of the generalized K d -distance N-dimensional pixel matching is proposed. The generalized pixel matching embeds a B-ary digit (B is a function of K and N) into a cover vector of length N, where the order-d Minkowski distance-measured embedding distortion is no larger than K. In contrast to other pixel matching-based schemes, a N-dimensional reference table is used. By choosing d, K, and N adaptively, an embedding strategy which is suitable for arbitrary relative capacity can be developed. Additionally, an optimization algorithm, namely successive iteration algorithm (SIA), is proposed to optimize the codeword assignment in the reference table. Benefited from the high dimensional embedding and the optimization algorithm, nearly maximal embedding efficiency is achieved. Compared with other content-free steganographic schemes, the proposed scheme provides better image quality and statistical security. Moreover, the proposed scheme performs comparable to state-of-the-art content-based approaches after combining with image models.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The School of Information Science and Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Bingwen Feng & Wei Lu

  2. The School of Software, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China

    Wei Sun

  3. State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Wei Sun

Authors
  1. Bingwen Feng
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  2. Wei Lu
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  3. Wei Sun
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Bingwen Feng or Wei Sun.

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Feng, B., Lu, W. & Sun, W. Novel steganographic method based on generalized K-distance N-dimensional pixel matching. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 9623–9646 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2140-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2140-x

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