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Image watermarking in real oriented wavelet transform domain

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose blind and non-blind watermarking schemes in the real oriented wavelet transform (ROWT) domain. The ROWT, which is a member of the dual tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) family, is chosen as a watermarking domain since the DTCWT has recently emerged as an important new image processing tool. Existing watermarking schemes based on the DTCWT usually lack high embedding capacity. This is mainly due to the fact that the left inverse and the right inverse of the DTCWT (including the ROWT) are not equal. We have observed a relation when the ROWT follows its left inverse, and have used this relation to develop two watermarking schemes in the ROWT domain. Experimental results show that the proposed ROWT based watermarking schemes not only have a much higher capacity than the existing DTCWT based watermarking schemes, but are also robust to various image modification operations such as cropping, Gaussian filter, Gaussian noise, and salt and pepper noise.

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Acknowledgment

One of the authors, Himanshu Agarwal, acknowledges the University Grants Commission (UGC) of New Delhi, India for granting him a scholarship under the JRF scheme for his research. He also acknowledges the grant from the Canadian Bureau for International Education under the Canadian Commonwealth Scholarship Program.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    Himanshu Agarwal

  2. Department of Computer Science, College of Computing and Information, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA

    Pradeep K. Atrey

  3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India

    Balasubramanian Raman

Authors
  1. Himanshu Agarwal
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  2. Pradeep K. Atrey
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  3. Balasubramanian Raman
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Correspondence to Himanshu Agarwal.

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Agarwal, H., Atrey, P.K. & Raman, B. Image watermarking in real oriented wavelet transform domain. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 10883–10921 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2212-y

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