Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Service availability of a peer with dynamic buffering for multiple description coded videos on multi-source streaming networks

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In multi-source streaming systems, such as peer-to-peer (P2P), because the buffer space of each peer is limited, most systems employ the cache-and-relay schemes that require each peer to cache the most recent video blocks it receives. As long as a peer keeps the initial part of the video stream in the buffer, it can relay the cached blocks to new arriving peers in a pipelining fashion and then reduce the loading of a server. In our previous research work, we propose a novel caching scheme for peer-to-peer on-demand video streaming, called Dynamic Buffering, which relies on the feature of Multiple Description Coding to gradually reduce the number of cached descriptions in a peer once the buffer is full in order to prolong the service availability of a peer. In this paper we study the service availability of a peer with dynamic buffering for various numbers of different forwarded descriptions, and provide detailed analysis on how the number of different forwarded descriptions affects the average service availability of a peer. In addition, we derive the mathematical formulas of the reduction of the average service availability of a peer for various numbers of different forwarded descriptions, compared to the best case of the service availability of a peer, and the gain of the average service availability of a peer by releasing the overlapped buffer space with child peers. Our experimental results show that the reduction of the average service availability of a peer is only related to the number of different forwarded descriptions. Besides, regardless of arrival rates, most peers forwarding only one description would possess the highest average service availability for various numbers of different forwarding descriptions, which matches the criteria of the previous work Splitstream.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Apostolopoulos J (2001) Reliable video communication over lossy packet networks using multiple state encoding and path diversity. In: Proc. of visual communications: image processing, pp 392–409

  2. Bernardini R, Durigon M, Rinaldo R, Celetto L, Vitali A (2004) Polyphase spatial subsampling multiple description coding of video streams with h264. In: Proc. of IEEE international conference on image processing, vol 5, pp 3213–3216

  3. Campana O, Milani S (2004) A multiple description coding scheme for the h.264/avc coder. In: Proceedings of the international conf. on telecommunication and computer networks, pp 191–195

  4. Castro M, Druschel P, Kermarrec AM, Nandi A, Rowstron AIT, Singh A (2003) Splitstream: high-bandwidth multicast in cooperative environments. In: SOSP, pp 298–313

  5. Chadagorn A, Khalil I, Cameron C, Tari Z (2014) Pilecast: multiple bit rate live video streaming over bittorrent. J Netw Comput Appl 39(0):167–178

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Chen Y, Zhang B, Chen C, Chiu DM (2014) Performance modeling and evaluation of peer-to-peer live streaming systems under flash crowds. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 22(4):1106–1120

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Correia P, Assuncao PA, Silva V (2012) Multiple description of coded video for path diversity streaming adaptation. IEEE Trans Multimed 14(3):923–935

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Do TT, Hua KA, Tantaoui MA (2004) P2VoD : providing fault tolerant video-on-demand streaming in peer-to-peer environment. In: Proc. of IEEE communications, pp 1467–1472

  9. Goyal VK (2001) Multiple description coding: compression meets the network. IEEE Signal Process Mag 18(5):74–93

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Guo Y, Suh K, Kurose J, Towsley D (2003) P2Cast: peer-to-peer patching scheme for VoD service. In: Proc. of ACM WWW, pp 301–309

  11. Hu C, Chen M, Xing C, Zhang G (2014) Exploring the optimal substream scheduling and distribution mechanism for data-driven {P2P} media streaming. Comput Commun 44(0):14–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Li B, Wang Z, Liu J, Zhu W (2013) Two decades of internet video streaming: a retrospective view. ACM Trans Multimedia Comput Commun Appl 9(1s):33:1–33:20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Liao Y, Gibson JD (2011) Routing-aware multiple description video coding over mobile ad-hoc networks. IEEE Trans Multimed 13(1):132–142

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Lin CS (2010) Improving the availability of scalable on-demand streams by dynamic buffering on P2P networks. KSII Trans Int Inf Syst (TIIS) 4(4):491–508

    Google Scholar 

  15. Lin CS (2013) Balanced dynamic buffering for scalable video-on-demand streaming on peer-to-peer networks. Multimed Tools Appl 62(3):701–718

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lin CS, Chang RH, Lin JW (2014) Tubeck: a novel peer-to-peer streaming system with loopback-mdc for scalable h.264/avc videos. Multimed Appl 72(2):1653–1679

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lin CS, Cheng YC (2007) P2mcmd: a scalable approach to vod service over peer-to-peer networks. J Parallel Distrib Comput 67(8):903–921

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Lin CS, Lee I et al (2010) Applying multiple description coding to enhance the streaming scalability on cdn-p2p network. Int J Commun Syst 23(5):553–568

    Google Scholar 

  19. Lin CS, Yan MJ (2013) Dynamic peer buffer adjustment to improve service availability on peer-to-peer on-demand streaming networks. Peer-to-Peer Netw Appl 7(1):1–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu F, Li B, Zhong L, Li B, Jin H, Liao X (2012) Flash crowd in p2p live streaming systems: fundamental characteristics and design implications. IEEE Trans Parallel Distrib Syst 23(7):1227– 1239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Magharei N, Rejaie R, Guo Y (2007) Mesh or multiple-tree: a comparative study of live p2p streaming approaches. In: 26th IEEE international conference on computer communications (INFOCOM 2007), pp 1424–1432

  22. Magharei N, Rejaie R, Rimac I, Hilt V, Hofmann M (2014) Isp-friendly live p2p streaming. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 22(1):244–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Padmanabhan VN, Wang HJ, Chou PA, Sripanidkulchai K (2002) Distributing streaming media content using cooperative networking. In: ACM conference on NOSSDAV, pp 177–186

  24. Ramzan N, Park H, Izquierdo E (2012) Video streaming over p2p networks: challenges and opportunities. Signal Process Image Commun 27(5):401–411

  25. Schollmeier R (2001) A definition of peer-to-peer networking for the classification of peer-to-peer architectures and applications. In: 2001 Proceedings first international conference on peer-to-peer computing, pp 101–102

  26. Stoica I, Morris R, Liben-Nowell D, Karger D, Kaashoek M, Dabek F, Balakrishnan H (2003) Chord: a scalable peer-to-peer lookup protocol for internet applications. IEEE/ACM Netw 11(1):17–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang Y, Reibman AR, Lin S (2005) Multiple description coding for video delivery. Proc IEEE 93(1):57–70

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Xia P, Chan SH, Jin X (2011) Optimal bandwidth assignment for multiple-description-coded video. IEEE Trans Multimed 13(2):366–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Xu Y, Zhu C, Zeng W, Li XJ (2012) Multiple description coded video streaming in peer-to-peer networks. Signal Process Image Commun 27(5):412–429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Yuan X, Min G, Ding Y, Liu Q, Liu J, Yin H, Fang Q (2013) Adaptive resource management for p2p live streaming systems. Future Gener Comput Syst 29(6):1573–1582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Zandon’a N, Milani S, Giusti AD (2005) Motion-compensated multiple description video coding for the h.264/avc standard. In: Proc. of IADAT international conf. on multimedia, image processing and computer vision, pp 290–294

  32. Zhang J, XingW,Wang Y, Lu D (2014) Modeling and performance analysis of pull-based live streaming schemes in peer-to-peer network. Comp Commun 40:22–32

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions to improve the quality of the paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National University of Tainan, No. 33, Sec. 2, Su-Lin St., Tainan, 70005, Taiwan

    Chow-Sing Lin & Jhe-Wei Lin

Authors
  1. Chow-Sing Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jhe-Wei Lin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chow-Sing Lin.

Additional information

This work was partially supported by National Science Council of Taiwan under contracts NSC 100-2221-E-024-006.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lin, CS., Lin, JW. Service availability of a peer with dynamic buffering for multiple description coded videos on multi-source streaming networks. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 1009–1026 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2341-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2341-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation