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Data hiding based on overlapped pixels using hamming code

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Abstract

Most data hiding schemes change the least significant bits to conceal messages in the cover images. Matrix encoding scheme is a well known scheme in this field. The matrix encoding proposed by Crandall can be used in steganographic data hiding methods. Hamming codes are kinds of cover codes. “Hamming + 1” proposed by Zhang et al. is an improved version of matrix encoding steganography. The embedding efficiency of “Hamming + 1” is very high for data hiding, but the embedding rate is low. Our proposed “Hamming + 3” scheme has a slightly reduced embedding efficiency, but improve the embedding rate and image quality. “Hamming + 3” is applied to overlapped blocks, which are composed of 2k+3 pixels, where k=3. We therefore propose verifying the embedding rate during the embedding and extracting phases. Experimental results show that the reconstructed secret messages are the same as the original secret message, and the proposed scheme exhibits a good embedding rate compared to those of previous schemes.

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Acknowledgments

This paper was extended and improved from an accepted paper of the KCIC–2013/FCC–2014 conferences. This research was supported by the Basic Science Research Program Through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (20120192).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Digital Media Engineering, Anyang University, 708-113 Anyang 5-dong Manan-gu, Anyang-shi, Kyonggi-do, 430-714, South Korea

    Cheonshik Kim

  2. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, 9701, Taiwan, China

    Ching-Nung Yang

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  1. Cheonshik Kim
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  2. Ching-Nung Yang
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Correspondence to Cheonshik Kim.

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Kim, C., Yang, CN. Data hiding based on overlapped pixels using hamming code. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 15651–15663 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2355-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2355-x

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