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Optimization-based image watermarking with integrated quantization embedding in the wavelet-domain

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Abstract

This study presents an optimization-based image watermarking scheme with integrated quantization embedding. First, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is rewritten as a performance index in matrix form. In order to guarantee the robustness, this study embeds a watermark into the low-frequency coefficients of discrete wavelet transform (DWT). Unlike traditional way of single-coefficient quantization, this study applies amplitude quantization to embed the watermark and then rewrite this amplitude quantization as a constraint with embedding state. Then, an optimization-based equation connecting the performance index and amplitude-quantization constraint is obtained. Second, Lagrange Principle is used to solve the equation and then the optimal results are applied to embed the watermark. In detection, the hidden watermark can be extracted without original image. Finally, the performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated by PSNR and BER.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Mathematics, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Shuo-Tsung Chen & Huang-Nan Huang

  2. Department of Exercise and Health Promotion, College of Education, Chinese Culture University (CCU), Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Woon-Man Kung

  3. Department of Neurosurgery, Lo-Hsu Foundation, Lotung Poh-Ai Hospital, Luodong, Yilan, 265, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Woon-Man Kung

  4. Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung County, 413, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Chih-Yu Hsu

  5. Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Yunlin County, 632, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Shuo-Tsung Chen

Authors
  1. Shuo-Tsung Chen
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  2. Huang-Nan Huang
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  3. Woon-Man Kung
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  4. Chih-Yu Hsu
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Correspondence to Chih-Yu Hsu.

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Chen, ST., Huang, HN., Kung, WM. et al. Optimization-based image watermarking with integrated quantization embedding in the wavelet-domain. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 5493–5511 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2522-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2522-8

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