Abstract
This paper proposes a method able to exploit peculiarities of both, local and global shape descriptors, to be employed for shape classification and retrieval. In the proposed framework, the silhouettes of symbols are firstly described through Bags of Shape Contexts. The shape signature is then used to solve the correspondence problem between points of two shapes. The obtained correspondences are employed to recover the geometric transformations between the shape to be classified/retrieved and the ones belonging to the training dataset. The alignment is based on a voting procedure in the parameter space of the model considered to recover the geometric transformation. The aligned shapes are finally described with the Blurred Shape Model descriptor for classification and retrieval purposes. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution on two classic benchmark shape datasets, as well as on a large scale set of hand sketches composed by 20,000 examples distributed over 250 object categories.











Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azzaro G, Caccamo M, Ferguson J, Battiato S, Farinella GM, Guarnera G, Puglisi G, Petriglieri R, Licitra G (2011) Objective estimation of body condition score by modeling cow body shape from digital images. J Dairy Sci 94(4):2126–2137
Bai X, Liu W, Tu Z (2009) Integrating contour and skeleton for shape classification. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision workshops, pp 360–367
Battiato S, Farinella GM, Giudice O, Puglisi G (2012) Aligning bags of shape contexts for blurred shape model based symbol classification. In: Proceedings of international conference on pattern recognition (ICPR), pp 1598–1601
Battiato S, Farinella GM, Messina E, Puglisi G (2012) Robust image alignment for tampering detection. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 7(4):1105–1117
Belongie S, Malik J, Puzicha J (2002) Shape matching and object recognition using shape contexts. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intel 24(4):509–522
Caglar T, Berrin Y, Metin TS (2012) Sketched symbol recognition with auto-completion. Pattern Recog 45:3926–3937
da Fontoura Costa L, Cesar RM Jr (2009) Shape classification and analysis: theory and practice, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton
Daliri MR, Torre V (2008) Robust symbolic representation for shape recognition and retrieval. Pattern Recog 41(5):1782–1798
Eitz M, Hays J, Alexa M (2012) How do humans sketch objects?. ACM Trans Graph (SIGGRAPH) 31(4):44:1–44:10
Escalera S, Fornés A, Pujol O, Lladós J, Radeva P (2011) Circular blurred shape model for multiclass symbol recognition. IEEE Trans Syst Man Cybern 41(2):497–506
Farinella GM, Impoco G, Gallo G, Spoto S, Catanuto G, Nava MB (2006) Objective outcome evaluation of breast surgery. In: Medical image computing and computer-assisted intervention—MICCAI 2006. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 4190. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 776–783
Kuhn HW (1955) The hungarian method for the assignment problem. Nav Res Logist Q 2:83–97
Lim KL, Galoogahi H (2010) Shape classification using local and global features. In: Pacific-rim symposium on image and video technology, pp 115–120
Marr D (1982) Vision: a computational investigation into the human representation and processing of visual information. Henry Holt and Co., Inc., New York
McNeill G, Vijayakumar S (2006) Hierarchical procrustes matching for shape retrieval. In: IEEE computer society conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 885–894
Munder S, Schnörr C, Gavrila DM (2008) Pedestrian detection and tracking using a mixture of view-based shape-texture models. IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst 9(2):333–343
Philbin J, Chum O, Isard M, Sivic J, Zisserman A (2007) Object retrieval with large vocabularies and fast spatial matching. In: Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition
Puglisi G, Battiato S (2011) A robust image alignment algorithm for video stabilization purposes. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 21(10):1390–1400
Qi GJ, Tian Q, Huang T (2011) Locality-sensitive support vector machine by exploring local correlation and global regularization. In: IEEE international conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 841–848
Qi J, Xin F, Zhongxuan L, Yu L, He G (2014) A new geometric descriptor for symbols with affine deformations. Pattern Recogn Lett 40:128–135
Velasco-Forero S, Angulo J (2010) Statistical shape modeling using morphological representations. In: International conference on pattern recognition, pp 3537–3540
Wang B, Shen W, Liu WY, You XG, Bai X (2010) Shape classification using tree-unions. In: International conference on pattern recognition, pp 983–986
Wang J, Bai X, You X, Liu W, Latecki L (2011) Shape matching and classification using height functions. Pattern Recogn Lett 33:134–143
Yan Y, Shen H, Liu G, Ma Z, Gao C, Sebe N (2014) GLocal tells you more: coupling GLocal structural for feature selection with sparsity for image and video classification. Comp Vision Image Underst 124:99–109. Large Scale Multimedia Semantic Indexing
Zhang D, Lu G (2004) Review of shape representation and description techniques. Pattern Recog 37(1):1–19
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Battiato, S., Farinella, G.M., Giudice, O. et al. Aligning shapes for symbol classification and retrieval. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 5513–5531 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2523-7
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-2523-7