Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Virtual ingredients for food and beverages to create immersive taste experiences

The sensation of taste as an electronic media

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper presents a new technology that overlays virtual taste sensations on food and beverages while eating and drinking. This additional layer of taste sensation enables modifying the existing taste sensations (flavors) of food and beverages virtually. To achieve this technology, we primarily use weak and controlled electrical pulses on the tip of the tongue (while eating and drinking). The ability of this technology to simulate primary taste sensations such as salty, sour, and bitter has made us able to merge it into everyday eating and drinking utensils such as the spoon and beverage bottle, thus to augment the taste sensations of food and beverages. In addition to electrical pulses, we change the color of the beverage using an RGB Light Emitting Diode (LED). Two prototype systems produced with this technology, Spoon+ and Bottle+ are explained in this paper. First, we present a comprehensive technical description of these utensils. Then, we detailed a user experiment conducted to study the effectiveness of our approach. Through these two prototype systems, we discuss the impact of this technology to create immersive taste experiences when consuming food and beverages. With focus on new features and improvements of several limitations of the existing systems, we present our future vision that enables merging of this technology into more appliances thus making a platform for creating virtual food and beverage ingredients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. http://arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoBoardProMini

References

  1. Auvray M, Spence C (2008) The multisensory perception of flavor. Conscious Cogn 17(3):1016– 1031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Beyreuther K, Biesalski H, Fernstrom J, Grimm P, Hammes W, Heinemann U, Kempski O, Stehle P, Steinhart H, Walker R (2007) Consensus meeting: monosodium glutamate–an update. Eur J Clin Nutr 61(3):304–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Boyce J, Shone G (2006) Effects of ageing on smell and taste. Postgrad Med J 82(966):239–241

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Buck LB (2000) Smell and taste: The chemical senses. Princ Neural Sci 4:625–647

    Google Scholar 

  5. Cowart BJ (1981) Development of taste perception in humans: sensitivity and preference throughout the life span. Psychol Bull 90(1):43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Cruz A, Green B (2000) Thermal stimulation of taste. Nature 403(6772):889–892

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. DePuy V, Berger VW (2005) Counterbalancing. Wiley, pp 418–420

  8. Dobrin R Liquid cleaner-disinfectant composition for use in wiping down dental operatories (1984). US Patent 4,464,293

  9. Drewnowski A, Henderson SA, Barratt-Fornell A (2001) Genetic taste markers and food preferences. Drug Metab Dispos 29(4):535–538

    Google Scholar 

  10. Eisenstein M (2010) Taste: More than meets the mouth. Nature 468(7327):S18–S19

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Firestein S (2001) How the olfactory system makes sense of scents. Nature 413 (6852):211–218

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Frank R, Ducheny K, Mize S (1989) Strawberry odor, but not red color, enhances the sweetness of sucrose solutions. Chem Senses 14(3):371–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Grabenhorst F, Rolls E (2008) Selective attention to affective value alters how the brain processes taste stimuli. Eur J Neurosci 27(3):723–729

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Harrar V, Spence C (2013) The taste of cutlery: how the taste of food is affected by the weight, size, shape, and colour of the cutlery used to eat it. Flavour 2(1):1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Krut L, Perrin M, Bronte-Stewart B (1961) Taste perception in smokers and non-smokers. Br Med J 1(5223):384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kundu P, Chatterjee A, Panchariya P (2011) Electronic tongue system for water sample authentication: A slantlet-transform-based approach. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 60(6):1959–1966

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lackovic I, Stare Z (2007) Low-frequency dielectric properties of the oral mucosa. In: 13th international conference on electrical bioimpedance and the 8th conference on electrical impedance tomography. Springer, pp 154–157

  18. Lansdown A (2006) Silver in health care: antimicrobial effects and safety in use. Karger Publishers, pp 17–34

  19. Lawless H, Stevens D, Chapman K, Kurtz A (2005) Metallic taste from electrical and chemical stimulation. Chem Senses 30(3):185

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Lindemann B (2001) Receptors and transduction in taste. Nature (London):219–225

  21. Matsunami H, Montmayeur JP, Buck LB (2000) A family of candidate taste receptors in human and mouse. Nature 404(6778):601–604

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Meiselman HL, Dzendolet E (1967) Variability in gustatory quality identification. Percept Psychophys 2(11):496–498

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Nagata M, Suzuki W, Iizuka S, Tabuchi M, Maruyama H, Takeda S, Aburada M, Miyamoto KI (2006) Type 2 diabetes mellitus in obese mouse model induced by monosodium glutamate. Exp Anim 55(2):109–115

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Nakamura H, Miyashita H (2011) Augmented gustation using electricity. In: Proceedings of the 2nd augmented human international conference. ACM, p 34

  25. Narumi T, Sato M, Tanikawa T, Hirose M (2010) Evaluating cross-sensory perception of superimposing virtual color onto real drink: toward realization of pseudo-gustatory displays. In: Proceedings of the 1st augmented human international conference. ACM, p 18

  26. Palit M, Tudu B, Dutta P, Dutta A, Jana A, Roy J, Bhattacharyya N, Bandyopadhyay R, Chatterjee A (2010) Classification of black tea taste and correlation with tea taster’s mark using voltammetric electronic tongue. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas 59(8):2230–2239

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ranasinghe N, Cheok A, Nakatsu R, Do EYL (2013) Simulating the sensation of taste for immersive experiences. In: Proceedings of the 2013 ACM international workshop on immersive media experiences. ACM, pp 29–34

  28. Ranasinghe N, Cheok AD, Nakatsu R (2012) Taste/ip: the sensation of taste for digital communication. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on multimodal interaction. ACM, pp 409–416

  29. Ranasinghe N, Karunanayaka K, Cheok AD, Fernando ONN, Nii H, Gopalakrishnakone P (2011) Digital taste and smell communication. In: Proceedings of the 6th international conference on body area networks. ICST (Institute for Computer Sciences, Social-Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering), pp 78–84

  30. Ranasinghe N, Lee KY, Do EYL (2014) Funrasa: an interactive drinking platform. In: Proceedings of the 8th international conference on tangible, embedded and embodied interaction. ACM, pp 133–136

  31. Ranasinghe N, Lee KY, Suthokumar G, Do EYL (2014) The sensation of taste in the future of immersive media. In: Proceedings of the 2nd ACM international workshop on immersive media experiences. ACM, pp 7–12

  32. Ranasinghe N, Nakatsu R, Nii H, Gopalakrishnakone P (2012) Tongue mounted interface for digitally actuating the sense of taste. In: 16th international symposium on wearable computers (ISWC), 2012. IEEE, pp 80–87

  33. Ratner B, Bankman I (2009) Biomedical engineering desk reference, chap 4.1. Academic Press, p 377

  34. Robinson J (1970) The misuse of taste names by untrained observers. Br J Psychol 61(3):375–378

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Shepherd G (2006) Smell images and the flavour system in the human brain. Nature 444(7117):316–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Silverthorn DU, Ober WC, Garrison CW, Silverthorn AC, Johnson BR (2009) Human physiology: an integrated approach, chap 10. Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, p 354

  37. Small D, Prescott J (2005) Odor/taste integration and the perception of flavor. Exp Brain Res 166(3):345–357

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Sørensen LB, Møller P, Flint A, Martens M, Raben A (2003) Effect of sensory perception of foods on appetite and food intake: a review of studies on humans. Int J Obes 27(10):1152–1166

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Spielman A (1990) Interaction of saliva and taste. J Dent Res 69(3):838–843

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Tortora GJ, Derrickson BH (2008) Principles of anatomy and physiology. Wiley

  41. Vega C, Ubbink J (2008) Molecular gastronomy: a food fad or science supporting innovative cuisine? Trends Food Sci Technol 19(7):372–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister’s Office, Singapore under its International Research Centre @ Singapore Funding Initiative and administered by the Interactive and Digital Media Programme Office.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nimesha Ranasinghe.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ranasinghe, N., Lee, KY., Suthokumar, G. et al. Virtual ingredients for food and beverages to create immersive taste experiences. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 12291–12309 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3162-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3162-8

Keywords

Navigation