Abstract
This work presents a tool to support authentication studies of paintings attributed to the modernist Portuguese artist Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso (1887-1918). The strategy adopted was to quantify and combine the information extracted from the analysis of the brushstroke with information on the pigments present in the paintings. The brushstroke analysis was performed combining Gabor filter and Scale Invariant Feature Transform. Hyperspectral imaging and elemental analysis were used to compare the materials in the painting with those present in a database of oil paint tubes used by the artist. The outputs of the tool are a quantitative indicator for authenticity, and a mapping image that indicates the areas where materials not coherent with Amadeo’s palette were detected, if any. This output is a simple and effective way of assessing the results of the system. The method was tested in twelve paintings obtaining promising results.
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Notes
In the database of reference materials was included: cobalt violet; vermillion; carmine lake; terra rossa; raw Siena; ochre yellow; chrome yellow; cadmium orange; cobalt blue; cerulean blue; Prussian blue; ultramarine blue; viridian; emerald green; lead white; ivory black.
The selection of the points for the elemental analysis is preceded by the observation of the painting by naked eye and by microscope. Some areas may not be included because they are considered consistent with other already selected areas.
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Acknowledgments
This work has been supported by national funds through FCT- Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) under project PTDC/EAT-EAT/113612/2009 and grant of Cristina Montagner SFRH/BD/66488/2009 as well as REQUIMTE supporting project PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011. The authors are grateful to all team members of CAM - Centro de Arte Moderna da Fundação Gulbenkian for the fruitful collaboration, in particular to director Isabel Carlos and curator Ana Vasconcelos e Melo. Thanks also to Professor Sérgio Nascimento, João M.M. Linhares, Osamu Masuda and Hélder Tiago Correia for the spectral imaging analysis.
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Montagner, C., Jesus, R., Correia, N. et al. Features combination for art authentication studies: brushstroke and materials analysis of Amadeo de Souza-Cardoso. Multimed Tools Appl 75, 4039–4063 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3197-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-015-3197-x