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Blind audio watermarking algorithm based on DCT, linear regression and standard deviation

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Abstract

This paper proposes a blind audio watermarking algorithm to embed data and extract them by changing the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. The key idea is to divide the selected frequency band of DCT into short frames and change the samples of each frame based on the watermark bits that are embedded in. The proposed idea uses linear regression and standard deviation to extract watermark bits. The experimental results show that the method has a high capacity about 3000 bps data payload, without significant perceptual distortion. Moreover, this idea provides robustness against common signal processing attacks such as Additive White Gaussian Noise, Resampling, Re-quantizing and Echo.

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Notes

  1. https://www.adobe.com/

  2. https://tech.ebu.ch/publications/sqamcd/

  3. http://www-mmsp.ece.mcgill.ca/documents/Downloads/AFsp/

  4. https://www.itu.int/dms_pubrec/itu-r/rec/bs/R-REC-BS.1116-3-201502-I!!PDF-E.pdf

  5. http://sourceforge.net/projects/lame/files/lame/3.99/

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Broadcast Engineering Faculty of Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting University, Tehran, Iran

    Mahdi Jeyhoon, Mohammad Asgari & Lili Ehsan

  2. Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting, Tehran, Iran

    Seyedeh Zahra Jalilzadeh

Authors
  1. Mahdi Jeyhoon
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  2. Mohammad Asgari
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  3. Lili Ehsan
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  4. Seyedeh Zahra Jalilzadeh
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Correspondence to Mahdi Jeyhoon.

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Jeyhoon, M., Asgari, M., Ehsan, L. et al. Blind audio watermarking algorithm based on DCT, linear regression and standard deviation. Multimed Tools Appl 76, 3343–3359 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3934-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3934-9

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