Abstract
Saliency detection is one of the most challenging problems in computer vision and has extensive applications in many fields. In this work, instead of simply defining the compactness and contrast, we design novel versions of these two cues based on manifold ranking, and then propose a saliency detection model by integrating the newly modified compactness and contrast with boundary connectivity. Since various scales salient detections highlight different parts of the objects, to further improve the performance, we perform the model hierarchically on four different scales and then fuse the results to obtain the final saliency map. Experiments on four benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method can further improve the accuracy of saliency detection than other 15 state-of-the-art methods on MSRA10k, ASD, DUT-OMRON and ECSSD.









Similar content being viewed by others
References
Achanta R, Estrada F, Wils P et al (2008) Salient region detection and segmentation. In: International conference on computer vision systems, Santorini, pp 66–75
Achanta R, Hemami S, Estrada F et al (2009) Frequency-tuned salient region detection. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Miami, pp 1597–1604
Achanta R, Shaji A, Smith K, Lucchi A et al (2012) SLIC superpixels compared to state-of-the-art superpixel methods. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34:2274–2282
Achanta R, Süsstrunk S (2010) Saliency detection using maximum symmetric surround. In: International conference on image processing, Hong Kong, pp 2653–2656
Chang KY, Liu TL, Chen HT, Lai SH (2011) Fusing generic objectness and visual saliency for salient object detection. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, Barcelona, pp 914–921
Cheng M, Mitra NJ, Huang X, et al (2015) Global contrast based salient region detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 37:569–582
Duan L, Wu C, Miao J, Qing L, Fu Y (2011) Visual saliency detection by spatially weighted dissimilarity. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Colorado, pp 473–480
Goferman S, Zelnik-Manor L, Tal A (2012) Context-aware saliency detection. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34:1915–1926
Itti L, Koch C, Niebur E (1998) A model of saliency-based visual attention for rapid scene analysis. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 20:1254–1259
Jian M, Dong J, Ma J (2011) Image retrieval using wavelet-based salient regions. Imaging Sci J 59:219–231
Jian M, Lam KM, Dong J (2014) Facial-feature detection and localization based on a hierarchical scheme. Inf Sci 262:1–14
Jian M, Lam KM, Dong J, Shen L (2015) Visual-patch-attention-aware Saliency Detection. IEEE Trans Cybern 45:1575–1586
Jiang H, Wang J, Yuan Z, Liu T, Zheng N (2011) Automatic salient object segmentation based on context and shape prior. In: British machine vision conference, Dundee
Jiang H, Wang J, Yuan Z, Wu Y, Zheng N, Li S (2013) Salient object detection: A discriminative regional feature integration approach. In: IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Portland, pp 2083–2090
Jiang P, Ling H, Yu J, Peng J (2013) Salient region detection by UFO: Uniqueness, focusness and objectness. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, Sydney, pp 1976–1983
Judd T, Ehinger K, Ehinger F, Durand F, Torralba A (2009) Learning to predict where humans look. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, Kyoto, pp 2106–2113
Kim J, Han D, Tai YW, Kim J (2014) Salient region detection via high-dimensional color transform. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Columbus, pp 883–890
Li X, Lu H, Zhang L, Ruan X, Yang MH (2013) Saliency detection via dense and sparse reconstruction. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, Sydney, pp 2976–2983
Liu T, Yuan Z, Sun J, Wang J, Zheng N et al (2011) Learning to detect a salient object. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 33:353–367
Lu H, Li X, Zhang L, Ruan X, Yang MH (2016) Dense and sparse reconstruction error based saliency descriptor. IEEE Trans Image Process 25:1592–1603
Lu Y, Zhang W, Lu H, Xue X (2011) Salient object detection using concavity context. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, Barcelona, pp 233–240
Perazzi F, Krähenbühl P, Pritch Y, Hornung A (2012) Saliency filters: Contrast based filtering for salient region detection. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Providence, pp 733–740
Pradeep A, Subash N (2015) Saliency tree: saliency detection method integrating diffusion-based compactness and local contrast. Int J Innov Res Comput Commun Eng 10:9778–9784
Rahtu E, Kannala J, Salo M, Heikkilä J (2010) Segmenting salient objects from images and videos. In: European conference on computer vision, Crete, pp 366–379
Tong N, Lu H, Ruan X, Yang MH (2015) Salient object detection via bootstrap learning. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Boston, pp 1884–1892
Tong N, Lu H, Zhang Y, Ruan X (2015) Salient object detection via global and local cues. Pattern Recogn 48:3258–3267
Wang J, Lu H, Li X, Tong N, Liu W (2015) Saliency detection via background and foreground seed selection. Neurocomputing 152:359–368
Wang L, Xue J, Zheng N, Hua G (2011) Automatic salient object extraction with contextual cue. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, Barcelona, pp 105–112
Wei Y, Wen F, Zhu W, Sun J (2012) Geodesic saliency using background priors. European conference on computer vision, Firenze, pp 29–42
Yan Q, Xu L, Shi J, Jia J (2013) Hierarchical saliency detection. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Portland, pp 1155–1162
Yang C, Zhang L, Lu H, Ruan X, Yang MH (2013) Saliency detection via graph-based manifold ranking. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Portland, pp 3166–3173
Yang J, Yang MH (2012) Top-down visual saliency via joint crf and dictionary learning. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Providence, pp 2296–2303
Zhang J, Sclaroff S, Lin Z, Shen X, Price B, Mech R (2015) Minimum barrier salient object detection at 80 FPS. In: IEEE International conference on computer vision, Santiage, pp 1404–1412
Zhou D, Weston J, Gretton A, Bousquet O, Schölkopf B (2004) Ranking on data manifolds. In: Advances in neural information processing systems 16: proceedings of the 2003 conference. The MIT Press, Cambridge, pp 169–176
Zhou L, Yang Z, Yuan Q, Zhou Z, Hu D (2015) Salient region detection via integrating diffusion-based compactness and local contrast. IEEE Trans Image Process 24:3308–3320
Zhou X, Liu Z, Sun G, Wang X (2016) Improving saliency detection via multiple kernel boosting and adaptive fusion. IEEE Signal Process Lett 23:517–521
Zhu W, Liang S, Wei Y, Sun J (2014) Saliency optimization from robust background detection. In: IEEE Conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Columbus, pp 2814–2821
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China(No.2015JM6296).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Peng, G. & Zhou, M. Saliency detection by hierarchically integrating compactness, contrast and boundary connectivity. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 11883–11901 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4839-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-4839-y