Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Using dynamic pixel value mapping method to construct visible and reversible image watermarking scheme

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A reversible and visible image watermarking scheme extracts a visibly embedded binary watermark image and recovers the original cover image. This paper presents a reversible and visible image watermarking scheme that embeds visible watermarks into a part of the cover image, called the embedded region R, and embeds required binary strings into the whole image through the conventional difference-expansion method. The size of the embedded visible watermark is determined by the coefficient k; a large k value leads to a large embedded region for the visible watermark. The embedded region R is first segmented to non-overlapped k×k blocks, and each block is related to one bit of the watermark image. For those blocks that are related to the logo bits of the watermark image, these k×k blocks are adjusted by the proposed dynamic pixel value mapping method for highly visual detection. The binary bit string S, composed of the binary watermark image and LSB bits of the logo watermark bits’ corresponding k×k blocks, is embedded into the cover image using the conventional difference-expansion method. Experimental results show that the watermark is clearly embedded into the embedded region R and that the distortion of the reversible embedding is limited.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Al-Qershi OM, Khoo BE (2011) High capacity data hiding schemes for medical images based on difference expansion. J Syst Softw 84(1):105–112

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Al-Qershi OM, Khoo BE (2013) Two-dimensional difference expansion (2D-DE) scheme with a characteristics-based threshold. Signal Process 93(1):154–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Bhowmik D, Oakes M, Abhayaratne C (2016) Visual attention-based image watermarking. IEEE Access 4:8002–8018

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen CC, Tsai YH, Yeh HC (2017) Difference-expansion based reversible and visible image watermarking scheme. Multimed Tools Appl 76(6):8497–8516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Dragoi IC, Coltuc D (1779–1790) Local-prediction-based difference expansion reversible watermarking. IEEE Trans Image Process 23(4):2014

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Hu Y, Jeon B (2006) Reversible visible watermarking and lossless recovery of original mages. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16(11):1423–1429

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hu YJ, Lee HK, Chen KY, Li JW (2008) Difference expansion based reversible data hiding using two embedding directions. IEEE Trans Multimedia 10(8):1500–1512

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hu Y, Lee HK, Li J (2009) DE-based reversible data hiding with improved overflow location map. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 19(2):250–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Jawad K, Khan A (2013) Genetic algorithm and difference expansion based reversible watermarking for relational databases. J Syst Softw 86(11):2742–2753

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Kim HJ, Sachnev V, Shi YQ, Nam J, Choo HG (2008) A novel difference expansion transform for reversible data embedding. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 3(3):456–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lee CF, Chen HL, Tso HK (2010) Embedding capacity raising in reversible data hiding based on prediction of difference expansion. J Syst Softw 83(10):1864–1872

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Li CC, Yang SP, Hsueh NL (2008) Lossless data hiding based on difference expansion without a location map. Proceedings of Congress on Image and Signal Processing (CISP ’08). IEEE, Sanya, p 8–12

  13. Li X, Li B, Yang B, Zeng T (2014) Eneral framework to histogram-shifting-based reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans Image Process 22(6):2181–2191

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Lin PY, Chen YH, Chang CC, Lee JS (2013) Contrast-adaptive removable visible watermarking (CARVW) mechanism. Image Vis Comput 31(4):311–321

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Liu TY, Tsai WH (2010) Generic lossless visible watermarking—a new approach. IEEE Trans Image Process 19(5):1224–1235

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu M, Seah HS, Zhu C, Lin W, Tian F (2012) Reducing location map in prediction-based difference expansion for reversible image data embedding. Signal Process 92(3):819–828

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Lu TC, Chang CC (2008) Lossless nibbled data embedding scheme based on difference expansion. Image Vis Comput 26(5):632–638

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Lu TC, Chang CC, Huang YH (2014) High capacity reversible hiding scheme based on interpolation, difference expansion, and histogram shifting. Multimed Tools Appl 72(1):417–435

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Ni Z, Shi YQ, Ansari N, Su W (2006) Reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 16(3):354–362

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ou B, Li X, Zhao Y, Ni R (2013) Reversible data hiding based on PDE predictor. J Syst Softw 86(10):2700–2709

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Ou B, Li X, Zhao Y, Ni R, Shi Y (2013) Pairwise prediction-error expansion for efficient reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans Image Process 22(12):5010–5021

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Tian J (2003) Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 13(8):890–896

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Tsai HM, Chang LW (2010) Secure reversible visible image watermarking with authentication. Signal Process Image Commun 25(1):10–17

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wu HC, Lee CC, Tsai CS, Chu YP, Chen HR (2009) A high capacity reversible data hiding scheme with edge prediction and difference expansion. J Syst Softw 82(12):1966–1973

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Wu HZ, Shi YQ, Wang HX, Zhou LN (2017) Separable reversible data hiding for encrypted palette images with color partitioning and flipping verification. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 27(8):1620–1631

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Yang Y, Sun XM, Yang HF, Li CT, Xiao R (2009) A contrast-sensitive reversible visible image watermarking technique. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 19(5):656–667

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zhang WM, Wang H, Hou DD, Yu NG (2016) Reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reversible image transformation. IEEE Trans Multimedia 18(8):1469–1479

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Tamkang University, No.151, Yingzhuan Rd., Tamsui Dist, New Taipei City, 25137, Taiwan

    Chien-Chang Chen & Hsin-Cheng Yeh

Authors
  1. Chien-Chang Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

  2. Hsin-Cheng Yeh
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author inPubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chien-Chang Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Chen, CC., Yeh, HC. Using dynamic pixel value mapping method to construct visible and reversible image watermarking scheme. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 19327–19346 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5370-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5370-x

Keywords