Abstract
We address the image deblurring using coded exposure which can keep image content that may be lost by a traditional shutter. In the restoration of a coded exposure image, the automatic estimation of smear length is the key problem. Because the coded exposure image does not lose high frequency information of the image, the structural similarity compared with the original image is retained. In this paper, we propose a joint coarse to fine estimation method. By comparing structural similarity between the coded-exposure image and its restored image, the smear length can be roughly estimated first. And then the entropy of the restored image is further computed within a small range of the previously estimated smear length. An image that is restored with the wrong smear length will be far from the structure of the coded image that will have high entropy and low structure similarity with the coded exposure image.


















Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.References
Agrawal A, Xu Y (2009) Coded exposure deblurring: optimized codes for PSF estimation and invertibility. In: Paper presented at the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Miami, FL, USA, 20–25 June 2009
Cho S, Lee S (2009) Fast motion deblurring. In: Paper presented at the acm transactions on graphics, Yokohama, Japan, 16–19 December 2009
Dai S, Wu Y (2008) Motion from blur. In: Paper presented at the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, Anchorage, AK, USA, 23–28 June 2008
Ding G, Guo Y, Zhou J, Gao Y (2016) Large-scale cross-modality search via collective matrix factorization hashing. IEEE Trans Image Process 25(11):5427–5440. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2016.2607421
Ding G, Zhou J, Guo Y, Lin Z, Zhao S, Han J (2017) Large-scale image retrieval with sparse embedded hashing. Neurocomputing 257:24–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2017.01.055
Ding Y, McCloskey S, Yu J (2010) Analysis of motion blur with a flutter shutter camera for non-linear motion, vol 6311. In: European conference on computer vision. Springer, Berlin, DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15549-9-2, (to appear in print)
Don ML, Fu C, Arce GR (2017) Compressive imaging via a rotating coded aperture. Appl Opt 56(3):B142–B153. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.00B142
Feng W, Zhang F, Qu X, Zheng S (2016) Per-pixel coded exposure for high-speed and high-resolution imaging using a digital micromirror device camera. Sensors 16(3):331–346. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16030331
Feng W, Zhang F, Wang W, Xing W, Qu X (2017) Digital micromirror device camera with per-pixel coded exposure for high dynamic range imaging. Appl Opt 56(13):3831–3840. https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.56.003831
Guo Y, Ding G, Han J (2017) Robust quantization for general similarity search. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(2):949–963. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2766445
Guo Y, Ding G, Han J, Gao Y (2017) Zero-Shot Learning with transferred samples. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing A Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society 26(7):3277–3290. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2696747
Guo Y, Ding G, Liu L, Han J, Shao L (2017) Learning to hash with optimized anchor embedding for scalable retrieval. IEEE Trans Image Process 26 (3):1344–1354. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2652730
Harshavardhan S, Gupta S, Venkatesh KS (2014) Flutter shutter based motion deblurring in complex scenes. In: Paper presented at the India conference, Mumbai, India, 13–15 Dec. 2013
Hitomi Y, Gu J, Gupta M, Mitsunaga T, Nayar SK (2011) Video from a single coded exposure photograph using a learned over-complete dictionary. In: Paper presented at the IEEE international conference on computer vision, Barcelona, Spain, 6–13 nov. 2011
Holloway J, Sankaranarayanan AC, Veeraraghavan A, Tambe S (2013) Flutter shutter video camera for compressive sensing of videos. In: Paper presented at the IEEE international conference on computational photography, Seattle, WA, USA, 28–29 April 2012
Huang K, Liang H, Ren W, Zhang J (2013) Motion blur identification using image statistics for coded exposure photography. Springer, New York
Jeon HG, Lee JY, Han Y, Kim SJ, Kweon IS (2013) Fluttering pattern generation using modified legendre sequence for coded exposure imaging. In: Paper presented at the IEEE international conference on computer vision, Sydney, NSW, Australia, 1–8 Dec. 2013
Jeon HG, Lee JY, Han Y, Kim SJ (2016) Complementary sets of shutter sequences for motion deblurring. In: Paper presented at the IEEE international conference on computer vision, Santiago, Chile, 7–13 Dec. 2015
Jeon HG, Lee JY, Han Y, Kim SJ, Kweon IS (2017) Generating fluttering patterns with low autocorrelation for coded exposure imaging. Int J Comput Vis 123(2):269–286. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-016-0976-4
Jeon HG, Lee JY, Han Y, Kim SJ, Kweon IS (2017) Multi-image deblurring using complementary sets of fluttering patterns. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(5):2311–2326. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2017.2675202
Liu D, Gu J, Hitomi Y, Gupta M, Mitsunaga T, Nayar SK (2014) Efficient space-time sampling with pixel-wise coded exposure for high-speed imaging. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 36(2):248–260. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.129
Mccloskey S, Ding Y, Yu J (2012) Design and estimation of coded exposure point spread functions. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 34(10):2071–2077. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2012.108
Michaelides EE (2008) Entropy, order and disorder. Open Thermodynamics Journal 2(1):7–11. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874396X00802010007
Raskar R, Agrawal A, Tumblin J (2006) Coded exposure photography: motion deblurring using fluttered shutter. In: Paper presented at the ACM SIGGRAPH, Boston, Massachusetts, July 30–August 03, 2006
Shan Q, Jia J, Agarwala A (2008) High-quality motion deblurring from a single image. In: Paper presented at the acm transactions on graphics, Los Angeles, California, 11–15 August 2008
Silva EA, Agaian SS (2007) Quantifying image similarity using measure of enhancement by entropy. Proc SPIE-Int Soc Opt Eng 6579. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.720087
Tendero Y, Osher S (2016) On a mathematical theory of coded exposure. Research in the Mathematical Sciences 3(1):4–42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40687-015-0051-8
Wang Z, Bovik AC, Sheikh HR, Simoncelli EP (2004) Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Transactions on Image Processing A Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society 13(4):600–612. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2003.819861
Wang Z, Simoncelli EP, Bovik AC (2004) Multiscale structural similarity for image quality assessment. In: Paper presented at the conference record of the thirty-seventh asilomar conference on signals, systems and computers Pacific Grove, CA, USA, 9–12 Nov. 2003
Zhang J, Suo Y, Zhao C, Tran TD (2015) CMOS Implementation of pixel-wise coded exposure imaging for insect-based sensor node. In: Paper presented at the biomedical circuits and systems conference, Atlanta, GA, USA, 22–24 Oct. 2015
Zhang J, Xiong T, Tran T, Chin S, Etiennecummings R (2016) Compact all-CMOS spatiotemporal compressive sensing video camera with pixel-wise coded exposure. Opt Express 24(8):9013–9024. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.24.009013
Zhou C, Nayar S (2009) What are good apertures for defocus deblurring?. In: Paper presented at the IEEE international conference on computational photography, San Francisco, CA, USA, 16–17 April 2009
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, X., Sun, Y. Joint structural similarity and entropy estimation for coded-exposure image restoration. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 29811–29828 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-5773-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-5773-3