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A low-frequency construction watermarking based on histogram

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Abstract

The robust watermarking scheme has very broad application scenarios. For robust watermarking methods, the transform domain based watermarking algorithms are popular. Indeed, these algorithms have strong robustness, but the visual effects may be affected. In order to balance the robustness and imperceptibility, a histogram based watermarking scheme is proposed. In this scheme, in order to enhance the robustness and imperceptibility, the low-frequency construction method (LFCM) is proposed. In LFCM, the most suitable pixels for modifications are selected by calculating the weights of pixels at different positions, and these pixels will be modified in the histogram based embedding process. After the modification, the low-frequency of the image will enhance, and the robustness of the watermarking will enhance at the same time. Experiment results show that the proposed scheme can resist compression, scaling, noise, and median blur attacks, and can resist rotation attacks to a certain extent. The proposed scheme is a non-blind watermarking scheme, and non-blind watermarking scheme is feasible when this scheme has good performance.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by Alibaba-Zhejiang University Joint Institute of Frontier Technologies.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China

    Hang-Yu Fan & Zhe-Ming Lu

  2. Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, 311121, People’s Republic of China

    Hang-Yu Fan, Zhe-Ming Lu & Yong-Liang Liu

  3. State Key Laboratory of Information Security Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, People’s Republic of China

    Zhe-Ming Lu

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  1. Hang-Yu Fan
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  2. Zhe-Ming Lu
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  3. Yong-Liang Liu
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Correspondence to Zhe-Ming Lu.

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Fan, HY., Lu, ZM. & Liu, YL. A low-frequency construction watermarking based on histogram. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 5693–5717 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08289-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08289-3

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