Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Perceptual quality assessment of 3D videos with stereoscopic degradations

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the last decade, several aspects of the 3D video technology have been improved, including the 3D content production, distribution, and display. Still, the level of acceptability and popularity of 3D video applications are strongly correlated to the user Quality of Experience (QoE). Since research in this area depends heavily on data acquired in psychophysical experiments, public databases with typical stereoscopic degradations are considered important tools to researchers. Although currently there are number of available public 3D video quality databases, most of them contain only compression and transmission degradations. In this work, our first goal was to build a database (UnB-3D) that contains stereoscopic distortions. We created a set of Computer Graphics Imaging (CGI) scenes and rendered it using different parameters, generating 3D videos containing stereoscopic degradations at different strengths. Our second goal is to understand how these stereoscopic degradations are perceived by viewers. So, we performed a psychophysical experiment to analyze the perceived quality and comfort of these videos. Finally we conducted the statistical analysis and model generation. Results shows that users that have little familiarity with 3D content have difficulties identifying stereoscopic distortions. Also, the source content has a great influence on the user’s comfort. Similarly, the 3D quality is affected by the spatial and temporal information of the content, specially when the disparity is high.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Alatan AA, Yemez Y, Gudukbay U, Zabulis X, Muller K, Erdem cE, Weigel C, Smolic A (2007) Scene representation technologies for 3DTV. A survey. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 17(11):1587–1605. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2007.909974

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Boev A, Hollosi D, Gotchev A (2008) Classification of stereoscopic artefacts. http://sp.cs.tut.fi/mobile3dtv/results/tech/D5.1_Mobile3DTV_v1.0.pdf. Accessed 06 jun 2019

  3. Corrigan D, Pitié F, Morris V, Rankin A, Linnane M, Kearney G, Gorzel M, O’Dea M, Lee C, Kokaram A (2010) A video database for the development of stereo-3d post-production algorithms. In: 2010 Conference on visual media production (CVMP). IEEE, pp 64–73

  4. Dumić E, Grgić S, Šakić K, Rocha PMR, da Silva Cruz LA (2017) 3d video subjective quality: a new database and grade comparison study. Multimed Tools Appl 76(2):2087–2109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Farias M (2019) Unb-3d video quality database. http://www.ene.unb.br/mylene/databases.html. Accessed 06 Jun (2019)

  6. Fontaine DB, Cesson-sévigné CS (2010) Video quality assessment: from 2D to 3D – challenges and future trends. In: IEEE International conference on image processing

  7. Goldmann L, Lee JS, Ebrahimi T (2010) Temporal synchronization in stereoscopic video: influence on quality of experience and automatic asynchrony detection. In: 2010 IEEE International conference on image processing. IEEE, pp 3241–3244, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIP.2010.5651142

  8. ITUJ.341 (2011) Objective perceptual multimedia video quality measurement of hdtv for digital cable television in the presence of a full reference. https://www.itu.int/rec/T-REC-J.341-201603-I/en. Accessed: 06 Jun (2019)

  9. ITUR.1788 (2007) Recommendation ITU-R BT. 1788 Methodology for the subjective assessment of video quality in multimedia applications. https://www.itu.int/rec/R-REC-BT.1788-0-200701-I/en. Accessed 06 Jun (2019)

  10. Lebreton P, Raake A, Barkowsky M, Le Callet P (2012) Evaluating depth perception of 3D stereoscopic videos. IEEE J Selected Topics Signal Process 6 (6):710–720. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTSP.2012.2213236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lipton L (1982) Foundations of the stereoscopic cinema: a study in depth, 1st edn. Van Nostrand Reinhold Inc., New York

    Google Scholar 

  12. Meesters L, IJsselsteijn W, Seuntiens P (2004) A survey of perceptual evaluations and requirements of three-dimensional TV. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 14(3):381–391. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2004.823398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Seuntiens P (2006) Visual experience of 3D TV. Eindhoven University Press Facilities, Eindhoven Netherlands

  14. Seuntiens P, Vogels I, van Keersop A (2007) Visual experience of 3DTV with pixelated ambilight. In: 10th Annual international workshop on presence

  15. Smolic A, Mueller K, Stefanoski N, Ostermann J, Gotchev A, Akar GB, Triantafyllidis G, Koz A (2007) Coding algorithms for 3DTV—a survey. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 17(11):1606–1621. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSVT.2007.909972

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Staelens N, Casier K, Broeck WVD, Vermeulen B, Demeester P (2012) Determining customers willingness to pay during in-lab and real-life video quality evaluation. In: International workshop on video processing and quality metrics for consumer electronics - VQPM

  17. Urey H, Chellappan KV, Erden E, Surman P (2011) State of the art in stereoscopic and autostereoscopic displays. Proc IEEE 99(4):540–555. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2010.2098351

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Urvoy M, Barkowsky M, Cousseau R, Koudota Y, Ricordel V, Le Callet P, Gutierrez J, Garcia N (2012) NAMA3DS1-COSPAD1: subjective video quality assessment database on coding conditions introducing freely available high quality 3D stereoscopic sequences

  19. Woods A, Docherty T, Koch R (1993) Image distortions in stereoscopic video systems. Proc SPIE:Stereoscopic Dispalys Appl IV(1915):36–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto Federal de Goiás, Anápolis, Brasil

    Alessandro R. Silva

  2. University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil

    Mylène C. Q. Farias

Authors
  1. Alessandro R. Silva
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mylène C. Q. Farias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Alessandro R. Silva.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Silva, A.R., Farias, M.C.Q. Perceptual quality assessment of 3D videos with stereoscopic degradations. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 1603–1623 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08386-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08386-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation