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Students’ affective content analysis in smart classroom environment using deep learning techniques

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Abstract

In the era of the smart classroom environment, students’ affective content analysis plays a vital role as it helps to foster the affective states that are beneficial to learning. Some techniques target to improve the learning rate using the students’ affective content analysis in the classroom. In this paper, a novel max margin face detection based method for students’ affective content analysis using their facial expressions is proposed. The affective content analysis includes analyzing four different moods of students’, namely: High Positive Affect, Low Positive Affect, High Negative Affect, and Low Negative Affect. Engagement scores have been calculated based upon the four moods of students as predicted by the proposed method. Further, the classroom engagement analysis is performed by considering the entire classroom as one group and the corresponding group engagement score. Expert feedback and analyzed affect content videos are used as feedback to the faculty member to improve the teaching strategy and hence improving the students’ learning rate. The proposed smart classroom system was tested for more than 100 students of four different Information Technology courses and the corresponding faculty members at National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India. The experimental results demonstrate the train and test accuracy of 90.67% and 87.65%, respectively for mood classification. Furthermore, an analysis was performed over incidence, distribution and temporal dynamics of students’ affective states and promising results were obtained.

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. Department of Information Technology, National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India

      Sujit Kumar Gupta, T. S. Ashwin & Ram Mohana Reddy Guddeti

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    1. Sujit Kumar Gupta
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    2. T. S. Ashwin
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    3. Ram Mohana Reddy Guddeti
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    Correspondence to T. S. Ashwin.

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    Ethics statement

    The experimental procedure and the video content shown to the participants were approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) of the National Institute of Technology Karnataka Surathkal, Mangalore, India. The participants were also informed that they had the right to quit the experiment at any time. The video recordings of the subjects were included in the database after their written consent for the use of videos for research purpose. Some subjects also agreed to use their face images in the research articles.

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    Sujit Kumar Gupta and T. S. Ashwin contributed equally to this work.

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    Gupta, S.K., Ashwin, T.S. & Guddeti, R.M.R. Students’ affective content analysis in smart classroom environment using deep learning techniques. Multimed Tools Appl 78, 25321–25348 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-7651-z

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