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High capacity partial reversible data hiding by hamming code

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Abstract

A high capacity partial reversible data hiding (PRDH) is introduced in this paper. First of all, an original image is converted to a cover image by the proposed image transformation algorithm. The image transformation algorithm adopts (7,4) Hamming code and minimal pairwise square error to ensure that the generated cover image is an almost distortion-free original image. The secret bits are embedded into the cover image by flipping and modifying the cover bits with respect to the syndrome generated by Hamming code. When the secret bits are extracted from the stego image, it can be transformed back to a cover image by the error-correcting ability provided by Hamming code. And this is the so-called partial reversible property. The visual performance and embedding capacity of the proposed method are theoretical analyzed. According to the experimental and theoretical results, high embedding capacity with acceptable visual performance is achieved by the proposed method. More specifically, the embedding rate is 10.5 times of Jana et al.’s method and Yang et al.’s proposed PRDH, and 3.5 times of Yang et al. ’s modified PRDH.

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Acknowledgments

This work was partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61972179 and 61602211), Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (Grant No. 2020A1515011476), Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou, China (Grant No. 201707010259), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and MOST under contracts 109-2634-F-259-001 through Pervasive Artificial Intelligence Research (PAIR) Labs, Taiwan.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

    Xiaotian Wu

  2. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan

    Ching-Nung Yang & Yen-Wei Liu

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  1. Xiaotian Wu
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  2. Ching-Nung Yang
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  3. Yen-Wei Liu
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Correspondence to Xiaotian Wu or Ching-Nung Yang.

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Wu, X., Yang, CN. & Liu, YW. High capacity partial reversible data hiding by hamming code. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 23425–23444 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09098-9

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09098-9

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