Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Balancing user requirements and implementation difficulties in the requirements engineering of production tools for user-generated content: a case study of an animation application

  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Some content forms, such as animation, are superior in many aspects but rarely created in UGC systems partially due to the lack of available content-producing tools. Requirements engineering of User-Generated Content project can be difficult because of the diversities of user types, user abilities and client performance resulted from heterogeneous stakeholders. Based on the joint perspective of requirement analysis and quality control, this paper aims to propose an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) integrated Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. It divides users into expert and regular users, and allows the former to directly participate in design decisions and the latter to participate in prioritization. A case study of the requirements engineering of a Web-based animation application was carried out. The results showed the applicability of the proposed method to develop and manage requirements from all stakeholders. The integration of EFA contributed to the identification of unstated requirements to some extent. Also, the House of Quality was constructed and the quality requirements were obtained during the analysis. This approach helps analysts to sort out the priorities of user and technical requirements and achieve balance between them.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Adikari S, McDonald C, Campbell J (2013) Reframed contexts: design thinking for agile user experience design. In: International Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability. Springer, pp 3–12

  2. Afshan N, Sindhuja P (2013) Integration of Kano's model into quality function deployment: a review. IUP J Oper Manag 12(2):48–56

    Google Scholar 

  3. Ahmed M, Ibrahim R (2015) A comparative study of web application testing and mobile application testing. Advanced Computer and Communication Engineering Technology. Springer, In, pp 491–500

    Google Scholar 

  4. Akao Y, King B (1990) Quality function deployment: integrating customer requirements into product design, vol 21. Productivity press Cambridge, MA

    Google Scholar 

  5. Alder J, Hostetler S, Williams D (2013) An interactive web application for visualizing climate data. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 94(22):197–198. https://doi.org/10.1002/2013EO220001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Alrabghi LO (2013) QFD in software engineering. Kent State University

  7. Anderson DJ (2010) Kanban: successful evolutionary change for your technology business. Blue Hole Press

  8. Bartholomew DJ, Knott M, Moustaki I (2011) Latent variable models and factor analysis: a unified approach, vol 904. John Wiley & Sons

  9. Beck K (2000) Extreme programming explained: embrace change. Addison-Wesley professional,

  10. Beck F, Burch M, Diehl S, Weiskopf D (2017) A taxonomy and survey of dynamic graph visualization. In: Computer Graphics Forum. vol 1. Wiley Online Library, pp 133–159

  11. Beer D, Burrows R (2010) Consumption, prosumption and participatory web cultures: an introduction. J Consum Cult 10(1):3–12. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469540509354009

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Berney S, Bétrancourt M (2016) Does animation enhance learning? A meta-analysis. Comput Educ 101(C):150–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.06.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Boehm B (2000) Requirements that handle IKIWISI, COTS, and rapid change. Computer 33(7):99–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Bratteteig T, Wagner I (2012) Disentangling power and decision-making in participatory design. In: Proceedings of the 12th Participatory Design Conference: Research Papers-Volume 1. pp 41–50

  15. Brhel M, Meth H, Maedche A, Werder K (2015) Exploring principles of user-centered agile software development: a literature review. Inf Softw Technol 61:163–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infsof.2015.01.004

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Brunt CS, King AS, King JT (2020) The influence of user-generated content on video game demand. J Cult Econ 44(1):35–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10824-019-09349-0

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Burger D, Stassun KG, Pepper J, Siverd RJ, Paegert M, De Lee NM, Robinson WH (2013) Filtergraph: an interactive web application for visualization of astronomy datasets. Astronomy and Computing 2(C):40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ascom.2013.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Burgess J, Green J, Jenkins H, Hartley J (2009) YouTube : online video and participatory culture. Polity Press, Oxford, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  19. Carmit S (2012) Remixing sharing: sharing platforms as a tool for advancement of UGC sharing. Albany Law Journal of Science & Technology 22:279–645

    Google Scholar 

  20. Chang Y, Chen Y (2018) The analysis of animation narration for short animation – the short film: CARN. In: 2018 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing (ICAM), 16–18 Nov. 2018. pp 477–480. https://doi.org/10.1109/AMCON.2018.8614758

  21. Chen S-H, Ching-Chow Y (2004) Applications of web-QFD and E-Delphi method in the higher education system. Hum Syst Manag 23(4):1–256

    Google Scholar 

  22. Child D (2006) The essentials of factor analysis, 3rd edn. Continuum International Publishing Group, New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. Constantine LL, Lockwood LAD (2002) Usage-centered engineering for web applications. IEEE Softw 19(2):42–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/52.991331

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Crowston K, Fagnot I (2018) Stages of motivation for contributing user-generated content: a theory and empirical test. International Journal of Human - Computer Studies 109:89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2017.08.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Daniel JG (2009) The tangled web of UGC: making copyright sense of user-generated content. Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law 11(4):841–870

    Google Scholar 

  26. Garrigós I, Mazón J-N, Trujillo J (2009) A requirement analysis approach for using i* in web engineering. In: International Conference on Web Engineering. Springer, pp 151–165

  27. Geng L (2018) Geng L (2018) analyzing and dealing with the distortions in customer requirements transmission process of QFD. Math Probl Eng 2018:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/4615320

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Grosser KM, Hase V, Wintterlin F (2019) Trustworthy or shady?: exploring the influence of verifying and visualizing user-generated content (UGC) on online journalism's trustworthiness. Journal Stud 20(4):500–522. https://doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2017.1392255

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hauser J, Clausing D (1988) The house of quality. Harv Bus Rev 66(3):63–73

    Google Scholar 

  30. Herzwurm G, Schockert S, Mellis W (2000) Joint requirements engineering: QFD for rapid customer-focused software and internet-development. Springer Science & Business Media,

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  31. Herzwurm G, Schockert S, Pietsch W (2003) QFD for customer-focused requirements engineering. In: Proceedings. 11th IEEE International Requirements Engineering Conference. 2003. IEEE, pp 330–338

  32. Inayat I, Salim SS, Marczak S, Daneva M, Shamshirband S (2015) A systematic literature review on agile requirements engineering practices and challenges. Computers in Human Behavior 51(PB):915–929. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.046

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Ioannou G, Pramataris KC, Prastacos GP (2004) A quality function deployment approach to web site development: applications for electronic retailing. Les Cahiers du Management Technologique 13(3):1–18

    Google Scholar 

  34. Kakar A (2016) A user-centric typology of information system requirements. Journal of Organizational and End User Computing (JOEUC) 28(1):32–55. https://doi.org/10.4018/JOEUC.2016010103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Kano N (1984) Attractive quality and must-be quality Hinshitsu (Quality, The Journal of Japanese Society for Quality Control) 14:39-48

  36. Kaplan AM, Haenlein M (2010) Users of the world, unite! The challenges and opportunities of social media. Business Horizons 53(1):59–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2009.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Kim AJ, Johnson KKP (2016) Power of consumers using social media: examining the influences of brand-related user-generated content on Facebook. Comput Hum Behav 58:98–108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.12.047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kramer M, Tscheligi M (2016) Experience oriented thinking (EOT): a driver for user centered innovation and competitiveness. In: Cross-Cultural Business Conference. p 69

  39. Kun L, Jun-Hong C, Kang-Ming C (2019) A study of facial features of American and Japanese cartoon characters. Symmetry (Basel) 11(5):664. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11050664

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Kutschenreiter-Praszkiewicz I (2013) Application of neural network in QFD matrix. J Intell Manuf 24(2):397–404. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10845-011-0604-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lee E, Lee J-A, Moon JH, Sung Y (2015) Pictures speak louder than words: motivations for using Instagram. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 18(9):552–556

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Li K, Huang G, Bente G (2016) The impacts of banner format and animation speed on banner effectiveness: evidence from eye movements. Comput Hum Behav 54:522–530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.08.056

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Lukyanenko R, Parsons J, Wiersma YF, Sieber R, Maddah M (2016) Participatory design for user-generated content: understanding the challenges and moving forward. Scand J Inf Syst 28(1):37–70

    Google Scholar 

  44. Maguire M (2013) Using human factors standards to support user experience and agile design. In: International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction. Springer, pp 185–194

  45. Midler C, Silberzahn P (2008) Managing robust development process for high-tech startups through multi-project learning: the case of two European start-ups. Int J Proj Manag 26(5):479–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2008.05.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Nielsen J (2006) Participation inequality: lurkers vs. contributors in internet communities. Jakob Nielsen's Alertbox 107:108

    Google Scholar 

  47. Nuseibeh B (2000) Easterbrook S requirements engineering: a roadmap. Proceedings of the Conference on the Future of Software Engineering, In, pp 35–46

    Google Scholar 

  48. Obendorf H, Finck M (2008) Scenario-based usability engineering techniques in agile development processes. In: CHI'08 extended abstracts on human factors in computing systems. pp 2159-2166

  49. Offutt J (2002) Quality attributes of web software applications. IEEE Softw 19(2):25–32. https://doi.org/10.1109/52.991329

    Article  Google Scholar 

  50. Ohmori A (1994) Software quality deployment approach: framework design, methodology and example. Softw Qual J 3(4):209–240. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00403558

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Olsson HH, Bosch J (2015) Towards continuous customer validation: A conceptual model for combining qualitative customer feedback with quantitative customer observation. In: International Conference of Software Business. Springer, pp 154–166

  52. Pandey D, Suman U, Ramani A (2010) An effective requirement engineering process model for software development and requirements management. In: 2010 International Conference on Advances in Recent Technologies in Communication and Computing. IEEE, pp 287–291

  53. Pfitzner D, Hobbs V, Powers D (2003) A unified taxonomic framework for information visualization. In: Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific symposium on Information visualisation-Volume 24. Australian Computer Society, Inc., pp 57–66

  54. Raptis D, Tselios N, Kjeldskov J, Skov MB (2013) Does size matter? Investigating the impact of mobile phone screen size on users' perceived usability, effectiveness and efficiency. In: Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Human-computer interaction with mobile devices and services. pp 127–136

  55. Rees CA, Demeter J, Matese JC, Botstein D, Sherlock G (2004) GeneXplorer: an interactive web application for microarray data visualization and analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 5(1):141–141. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-5-141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. Ritzer G, Dean P, Jurgenson N (2012) The coming of age of the prosumer. Am Behav Sci 56(4):379–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211429368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  57. Schön E-M, Thomaschewski J, Escalona MJ (2017) Agile requirements engineering: a systematic literature review. Computer Standards & Interfaces 49:79–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2016.08.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  58. Schwaber K (2009) Agile project management with scrum. 1st, ed.. edn. Microsoft Press, Sebastopol

    Google Scholar 

  59. Shimamura AP, Palmer SE (2012) Aesthetic science : connecting minds, brains, and experience. Cary: Oxford University Press USA - OSO, Cary. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199732142.001.0001

  60. Shindo H (1999) Application of QFD to software and QFD software tools. In: Pre-Conference Workshops of the Fifth International Symposium on Quality Function Deployment and the First Brazilian Conference on Management of Product Development”, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

  61. Sivasamy K, Arumugam C, Devadasan S, Murugesh R, Thilak V (2016) Advanced models of quality function deployment: a literature review. Int J Met 50(3):1399–1414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-015-0212-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  62. Stoica M, Mircea M, Ghilic-Micu B (2013) Software development: agile vs. traditional. Informatica Economica 17 (4):64–76. doi:https://doi.org/10.12948/issn14531305/17.4.2013.06

  63. Szabo G, Huberman BA (2010) Predicting the popularity of online content. Commun ACM 53(8):80–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Toffler A (1981) The third wave, 1st edn. Bantam Books, Toronto

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ukpabi DC, Karjaluoto H (2018) What drives travelers' adoption of user-generated content? A literature review. Tour Manag Perspect 28:251–273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2018.03.006

    Article  Google Scholar 

  66. van Dijck J (2009) Users like you? Theorizing agency in user-generated content. Media, Culture & Society 31(1):41–58. https://doi.org/10.1177/0163443708098245

    Article  Google Scholar 

  67. Vickery G, Wunsch-Vincent S (2007) Participative web and user-created content: web 2.0 wikis and social networking. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD),

  68. Wang Y, Yu C (2017) Social interaction-based consumer decision-making model in social commerce: the role of word of mouth and observational learning. Int J Inf Manag 37(3):179–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2015.11.005

    Article  Google Scholar 

  69. Xiao L (2013) Animation trends in education. International Journal of Information and Education Technology 3(3):286–289. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2013.V3.282

    Article  Google Scholar 

  70. Zultner RE (1994) Software quality function deployment. In: Annual Quality Congress Proceeding - American Society for Quality Control. pp. 783–783

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author(s) would like to thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for very valuable comments and recommendations.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800, Dongchuan Road, Shanghai, China

    Kaili Fu

Authors
  1. Kaili Fu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kaili Fu.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Fu, K. Balancing user requirements and implementation difficulties in the requirements engineering of production tools for user-generated content: a case study of an animation application. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 11133–11153 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10216-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10216-w

Keywords

Search

Navigation