Abstract
With the aim to ensure privacy and security of secret message, an enhanced reversible data hiding algorithm in encrypted as well as compressed domain is proposed here. After compression of grey-scale image using absolute moment block truncation coding (AMBTC) method, pixels of AMBTC compressed image is segmented into two types - seed pixels (2k…255) and remaining pixels are called non-seed pixels. Now, embedded k, (k ≥ 1) binary bits of secret message by changed over it into base10 numeral framework at seed pixels of AMBTC compressed image whereas seed pixel is divided into two individual units which are encrypted through Paillier cryptosytem separately. Highlight of proposed method is to embed variable size secret message at seed pixels of AMBTC compressed image without any occurrence of overflow problem. Experimental study revealed that for all type of test images, proposed method altogether beated all the compared methods in its ability to embed secret message and precisely recover it with a PSNR value of \(\infty \) dB between cover image and reconstructed image too.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bhardwaj R, Aggarwal A (2020) An improved block based joint reversible data hiding in encrypted images by symmetric cryptosystem. Pattern Recog Lett 139:60–68
Bhardwaj R (2018) Enhanced encrypted reversible data hiding algorithm with minimum distortion through homomorphic encryption. J Electron Imaging 27(2):023017
Celik MU, Sharma G, Tekalp AM, Saber E (2005) Lossless generalized-lsb data embedding. IEEE Trans Image Process 14(2):253–266
Chen YC, Shiu CW, Horng G (2014) Encrypted signal-based reversible data hiding with public key cryptosystem. J Vis Commun Image Represent 25 (5):1164–1170
Chi LP, Wu CH, Chang HP (2018) Reversible data hiding in dual stegano-image using an improved center folding strategy. Multimed Tools Appl 77(7):8785–8803
Chang CC, Chen TS, Wang YK, Liu Y (2018) A reversible data hiding scheme based on absolute moment block truncation coding compression using exclusive or operator. Multimed Tools Appl 77(7):9039–9053
Hong W, Chen TS, Wu HY (2012) An improved reversible data hiding in encrypted images using side match. IEEE Sig Process Lett 19(4):199–202
Huynh NT, Bharanitharan K, Chang CC, Liu Y (2018) Minima-maxima preserving data hiding algorithm for absolute moment block truncation coding compressed images. Multimed Tools Appl 77(5):5767–5783
Kim YS, Kang K, Lim DW (2015) New reversible data hiding scheme for encrypted images using lattices. Appl Math Inf Sci 9(5):2627
Liao X, Shu C (2015) Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on absolute mean difference of multiple neighboring pixels. J Vis Commun Image Represent 28:21–27
Lu TC, Wu JH, Huang CC (2015) Dual-image-based reversible data hiding method using center folding strategy. Sig Process 115:195–213
Lee CF, Huang YL (2013) Reversible data hiding scheme based on dual stegano-images using orientation combinations. Telecommun Syst 52 (4):2237–2247
Lu TC, Chi LP, Wu CH, Chang HP (2017) Reversible data hiding in dual stego-images using frequency-based encoding strategy. Multimed Tools Appl 76(22):23903–23929
Lin J, Chen Y u, Chang C, Hu Y (2019) Reversible data hiding in encrypted images based on bit-plane block embedding. J Inf Hiding Multimed Sig Process 10:408–421
Luo AW, Gong LH, Zhou NR, Zou WP (2020) Adaptive and blind watermarking scheme based on optimal SVD blocks selection. Multimed Tools Appl 79(1):243–261
Lema M, Mitchell O (1984) Absolute moment block truncation coding and its application to color images. IEEE Trans Commun 32(10):1148–1157
Malik A, Sikka G, Verma HK (2017) A high payload data hiding scheme based on modified AMBTC technique. Multimed Tools Appl 76(12):14151–14167
Malik A, Sikka G, Verma HK (2018) An AMBTC compression based data hiding scheme using pixel value adjusting strategy. Multidim Syst Sign Process 29(4):1801–1818
Ma K, Zhang W, Zhao X, Yu N, Li F (2013) Reversible data hiding in encrypted images by reserving room before encryption. IEEE Trans Inf Forensic Secur 8(3):553–562
Ni Z, Shi YQ, Ansari N, Su W (2006) Reversible data hiding. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 16(3):354–362
Ou D, Sun W (2015) High payload image steganography with minimum distortion based on absolute moment block truncation coding. Multimed Tools Appl 74(21):9117–9139
Pascal P (1999) Public-key cryptosystems based on composite degree residuosity classes. In: International conference on the theory and applications of cryptographic techniques. Springer, pp 223–238
Qian Z, Zhang X, Ren Y, Feng G (2016) Block cipher based separable reversible data hiding in encrypted images. Multimed Tools Appl 75(21):13749–13763
Shi YQ (2004) Reversible data hiding. In: International workshop on digital watermarking. Springer, pp 1–12
Tian J (2003) Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 13(8):890–896
Tian C, Wen RH, Zou WP, Gong LH (2020) Robust and blind watermarking algorithm based on DCT and SVD in the contourlet domain. Multimed Tools Appl 79:7515–7541
Wu JY, Huang WL, Xia-Hou WM, Zou WP, Gong LH (2020) Imperceptible digital watermarking scheme combining 4-level discrete wavelet transform with singular value decomposition. Multimed Tools Appl 79(31):22727–22747
Wu X, Sun W (2014) High-capacity reversible data hiding in encrypted images by prediction error. Sig Process 104:387–400
Xiao B, Ying L, Huang Y (2010) Reversible data hiding using histogram shifting in small blocks. In: 2010 IEEE International conference on communications (ICC). IEEE, pp 1–6
Yin Z, Niu X, Zhang X, Tang J, Luo B (2018) Reversible data hiding in encrypted AMBTC images. Multimed Tools Appl 77(14):18067–18083
Ye HS, Zhou NR, Gong LH (2020) Multi-image compression-encryption scheme based on quaternion discrete fractional Hartley transform and improved pixel adaptive diffusion. Sig Process 175:107652
Yao H, Qin C, Tang Z, Tian Y (2017) Improved dual-image reversible data hiding method using the selection strategy of shiftable pixels’ coordinates with minimum distortion. Sign Process 135:26–35
Zhang X (2011) Reversible data hiding in encrypted image. IEEE Sig Process Lett 18(4):255–258
Zheng W, Chang CC, Horng JH, Lin J, Shi Y (2020) An adjustable RDH method for AMBTC-compressed images using unilateral pixel value modification strategy. J Netw Intell 5(2):77–92
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhardwaj, R. A high payload reversible data hiding algorithm for homomorphic encrypted absolute moment block truncation coding compressed images. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 26161–26179 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10722-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10722-5