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Performance analysis of DSDV and OLSR wireless sensor network routing protocols using FPGA hardware and machine learning

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Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a self-organized network, contains sensor nodes deployed in particular regions to gather the environmental parameters and communicate the information to the base station directly through intermediate nodes. In recent times, WSN has gained attention from wireless device manufacturers, researchers, and users for remotely accessing and monitoring the information in diverse environments. The scalability and routing are the major concerns of the network. Apart from that, the performance of WSN depends on network simulation parameters such as delay, throughput, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and control overhead. The research paper focused on the DSDV and OLSR routing protocol realization on the new hardware platform. The hardware chip of these protocols is designed in Xilinx ISE 14.7 software using VHDL, targeted on Virtex-5 FPGA. The node communication is verified on Modelsim 10.0 simulation software. The FPGA hardware and timing parameters are analyzed for different node clusters (N = 10, 20 …150) configuration. The OLSR routing protocol network performance parameters are used to build the machine learning prediction model using cluster tree regression, random forest regression, multiple regression, and K-means clustering. The K-means clustering predicted 99.12% and 98.50% accuracy in terms of the packet delivery ratio and throughput respectively.

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Abbreviations

AODV:

Adhoc on-Demand Distance Vector

BS:

Base Station.

CPU:

Central Processing Unit.

DSR:

Dynamic State Routing.

DSDV:

Destination-Sequenced Distance-Vector.

DYMO:

Dynamic MANET On-Demand Routing.

FPGA:

Field Programmable Gate Array.

GCLK:

Global Clock.

ISE:

Integrated Synthesis Environment.

IoB:

Input/output Block.

HRP:

Hybrid Routing Protocol.

LUT:

Look Up Table.

MANET:

Mobile Adhoc Network.

MEMS :

Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems.

MPR:

Multipoint Relay.

ML:

Machine Learning.

MPSoC :

Multiprocessor System on Chip.

NS:

Network Simulator.

OLSR:

Optimized Link State Routing.

PDR:

Packet Delivery Ratio.

QoS:

Quality of Service.

RH :

Routing Overhead.

RTL:

Register Transfer Level.

SN:

Sensor Nodes.

TC:

Transmission Control.

TCP:

Transmission Control Protocol.

VHDL:

Very High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language.

WLAN:

Wireless Local Area Network.

WSN:

Wireless Sensor Network.

VANET:

Vehicular Adhoc Network.

bps:

bits per second.

ns:

nanoseconds.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Uttarakhand Technical University, Dehradun, India

    Namit Gupta

  2. Faculty of Engineering & CS, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, India

    Arpit Jain & Rajeev Kumar

  3. Department of Computer Science, B T Kumaon Institute of Technology Dwarahat, Dwarahat, India

    Kunwar Singh Vaisla

  4. Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India

    Adesh Kumar

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Correspondence to Arpit Jain.

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Gupta, N., Jain, A., Vaisla, K.S. et al. Performance analysis of DSDV and OLSR wireless sensor network routing protocols using FPGA hardware and machine learning. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 22301–22319 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-10820-4

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