Skip to main content
Log in

Robust optimization of SegNet hyperparameters for skin lesion segmentation

  • 1210: Computer Vision for Clinical Images
  • Published:
Multimedia Tools and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Melanoma is considered the deadliest form of skin cancer, and the number of cases is increasing day by day. The early diagnosis of melanoma is critical, as it significantly increases the patient’s chance of survival. However, distinguishing melanoma from other skin lesion types by the physician can be a complicated process due to the diversity of its structural and textural features. Numerous computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been developed to assist the physician in detecting melanoma during recent years. The segmentation is a critical step for CAD systems, as it directly contributes to the performance of both feature extraction and classification steps. The optimization of the hyperparameters of deep learning methods is a challenging research topic. In this paper, the Bayesian optimized SegNet approach is proposed for precise skin lesion segmentation. The proposed method is obtained competitive results with the latest skin lesion segmentation methods. The hyperparameters optimized SegNet has achieved the best results with the average Jaccard Index of 84.9 on ISBI2016 and 74.5 on ISBI2017 dataset. Experimental results indicate the validity of Bayesian optimized SegNet. In this study, it has been observed that the bayesian hyperparameter optimization in the SegNet, which is the latest deep learning architecture, increased the segmentation performance of the SegNet by 16% in the ISBI2016 dataset and by 7% in the ISBI2017 dataset.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abbas Q, Fondón I, Rashid M (2011) Unsupervised skin lesions border detection via two-dimensional image analysis. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 104:e1–e15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2010.06.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Agarwal A, Issac A, Dutta MK, et al (2017) Automated skin lesion segmentation using k-means clustering from digital dermoscopic images. In: 2017 40th international conference on telecommunications and signal processing, TSP 2017. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., pp 743–748

  3. Ahmed M, B SV (2019) Optimization for facial age estimation. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27272-2_21

  4. Ahn E, Bi L, Jung YH, et al (2015) Automated saliency-based lesion segmentation in dermoscopic images. Proc Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc EMBS 2015-Novem:3009–3012. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMBC.2015.7319025

  5. Ahn E, Kim J, Bi L, Kumar A, Li C, Fulham M, Feng DD (2017) Saliency-based lesion segmentation via background detection in Dermoscopic images. IEEE J Biomed Heal Informatics 21:1685–1693. https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2017.2653179

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Al-masni MA, Al-antari MA, Choi MT et al (2018) Skin lesion segmentation in dermoscopy images via deep full resolution convolutional networks. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 162:221–231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2018.05.027

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Argenziano G, Soyer HP (2001) Dermoscopy of pigmented skin lesions - a valuable tool for early diagnosis of melanoma. Lancet Oncol 2:443–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(00)00422-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Argenziano G, Fabbrocini G, Carli P, de Giorgi V, Sammarco E, Delfino M (1998) Epiluminescence microscopy for the diagnosis of doubtful melanocytic skin lesions: comparison of the ABCD rule of dermatoscopy and a new 7-point checklist based on pattern analysis. Arch Dermatol 134:1563–1570. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.134.12.1563

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Badrinarayanan V, Kendall A, Cipolla R (2017) SegNet: a deep convolutional encoder-decoder architecture for image segmentation. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39:2481–2495. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2016.2644615

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Barata C, Celebi ME, Marques JS (2015) Improving dermoscopy image classification using color constancy. IEEE J Biomed Heal Informatics 19:1146–1152. https://doi.org/10.1109/JBHI.2014.2336473

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Bayesian Optimization Algorithm - MATLAB & Simulink (2020) https://www.mathworks.com/help/stats/bayesian-optimization-algorithm.html. Accessed 20 May 2020

  12. Bi L, Kim J, Ahn E, et al (2016) Automated Skin Lesion Segmentation via Image-wise Supervised Learning and Multi-Scale Superpixel Based Cellular Automata School of Information Technologies, University of Sydney, Australia Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia Med-X R. 1059–1062

  13. Bi L, Kim J, Ahn E, Kumar A, Fulham M, Feng D (2017) Dermoscopic image segmentation via multistage fully convolutional networks. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 64:2065–2074. https://doi.org/10.1109/TBME.2017.2712771

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Brahmbhatt P, Rajan SN (2019) Skin lesion segmentation using SegNet with binary cross-entropy | papers with code. In: Int. Conf. Artif. Intell. Speech Technol. https://paperswithcode.com/paper/skin-lesion-segmentation-using-segnet-with

  15. Brochu E, Cora VM, de Freitas N (2010) A tutorial on Bayesian optimization of expensive cost functions, with application to active user modeling and hierarchical reinforcement learning. 1–49

  16. Celebi ME, Kingravi HA, Iyatomi H et al (2008) Border detection in dermoscopy images using statistical region merging. Skin Res Technol 14:347–353. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2008.00301.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Dalila F, Zohra A, Reda K, Hocine C (2017) Segmentation and classification of melanoma and benign skin lesions. Optik (Stuttg) 140:749–761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2017.04.084

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Emre Celebi M, Wen Q, Hwang S, Iyatomi H, Schaefer G (2013) Lesion border detection in Dermoscopy images using ensembles of Thresholding methods. Skin Res Technol 19:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00636.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Fan H, Xie F, Li Y, Jiang Z, Liu J (2017) Automatic segmentation of dermoscopy images using saliency combined with Otsu threshold. Comput Biol Med 85:75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.03.025

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Finlayson GD, Trezzi E (2004) Shades of gray and colour constancy

  21. Garnavi R, Aldeen M, Celebi ME, Varigos G, Finch S (2011) Border detection in dermoscopy images using hybrid thresholding on optimized color channels. Comput Med Imaging Graph 35:105–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compmedimag.2010.08.001

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gulcu A, Kus Z (2020) Hyper-parameter selection in convolutional neural networks using microcanonical optimization algorithm. IEEE Access 8:52528–52540. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2981141

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Henning JS, Dusza SW, Wang SQ, Marghoob AA, Rabinovitz HS, Polsky D, Kopf AW (2007) The CASH (color, architecture, symmetry, and homogeneity) algorithm for dermoscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol 56:45–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2006.09.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Huang L, Yang YZT (2019) Skin lesion segmentation using object scale-oriented fully convolutional neural networks. Signal, Image Video Process 13:431–438. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11760-018-01410-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Kasmi R, Mokrani K, Rader RK, Cole JG, Stoecker WV (2016) Biologically inspired skin lesion segmentation using a geodesic active contour technique. Skin Res Technol 22:208–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/srt.12252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26.  Lan G, Tomczak JM, Roijers DM, Eiben AE (2020) Time efficiency in optimization with a bayesian-evolutionary algorithm. arXiv 1:1–13

  27. Lee T, Ng V, Gallagher R, Coldman A, McLean D (1997) Dullrazor®: a software approach to hair removal from images. Comput Biol Med 27:533–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4825(97)00020-6

  28. Li Y, Shen L (2018) Skin lesion analysis towards melanoma detection using deep learning network. Sensors (Switzerland) 18:1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18020556

  29. Li X, Aldridge B, Ballerini L, et al (2009) Depth data improves skin lesion segmentation. Lect Notes Comput Sci (including Subser Lect Notes Artif Intell Lect Notes Bioinformatics) 5762 LNCS:1100–1107. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04271-3_133

  30. Menzies SW, Ingvar C, Crotty KA, McCarthy WH (1996) Frequency and morphologic characteristics of invasive melanomas lacking specific surface microscopic features. Arch Dermatol 132:1178–1182. https://doi.org/10.1001/archderm.132.10.1178

  31. Ninh QC, Tran TT, Tran TT et al (2019) Skin lesion segmentation based on modification of SegNet neural networks. Proc - 2019 6th NAFOSTED Conf Inf Comput Sci NICS:575–578. https://doi.org/10.1109/NICS48868.2019.9023862

  32. Peng Y, Wang N, Wang Y, Wang M (2019) Segmentation of dermoscopy image using adversarial networks. Multimed Tools Appl 78:10965–10981. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6523-2

  33. Shan P, Wang Y, Fu C, Song W, Chen J (2020) Automatic skin lesion segmentation based on FC-DPN. Comput Biol Med 123:103762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.103762

  34. Snoek J, Larochelle H, Adams RP (2012) Practical Bayesian optimization of machine learning algorithms

  35. Sreena S, Lijiya A (2019) Skin lesion analysis towards melanoma detection. 2019 2nd Int Conf Intell Comput Instrum control Technol ICICICT 2019 32–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICICICT46008.2019.8993219

  36. Stolz W, Reimann A, Cognetta AB (1994) ABCD rule of dermatoscopy: a new practical method for early recognition of malignant melanoma

  37. Tang P, Liang Q, Yan X, Xiang S, Sun W, Zhang D, Coppola G (2019) Efficient skin lesion segmentation using separable-Unet with stochastic weight averaging. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 178:289–301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.07.005

  38. Tripp MK, Watson M, Balk SJ, Swetter SM, Gershenwald JE (2016) State of the science on prevention and screening to reduce melanoma incidence and mortality: the time is now. CA Cancer J Clin 66:460–480. https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21352

  39. Valle E, Fornaciali M, Menegola A, Tavares J, Vasques Bittencourt F, Li LT, Avila S (2020) Data, depth, and design: learning reliable models for skin lesion analysis. Neurocomputing 383:303–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2019.12.003

  40. Xie F, Yang J, Liu J, Jiang Z, Zheng Y, Wang Y (2020) Computer methods and programs in biomedicine skin lesion segmentation using high-resolution convolutional neural network. Comput Methods Prog Biomed 186:105241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmpb.2019.105241

  41. Ye F (2017) Particle swarm optimization-based automatic parameter selection for deep neural networks and its applications in large-scale and high-dimensional data

  42. Yu L, Chen H, Dou Q, Qin J, Heng PA (2017) Automated melanoma recognition in Dermoscopy images via very deep residual networks. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 36:994–1004.https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2016.2642839

  43. Yuan Y, Chao M, Lo YC (2017) Automatic skin lesion segmentation using deep fully convolutional networks with Jaccard distance. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 36:1876–1886. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMI.2017.2695227

  44. Zalaudek I, Argenziano G, Soyer HP, Corona R, Sera F, Blum A, Braun RP, Cabo H, Ferrara G, Kopf AW, Langford D, Menzies SW, Pellacani G, Peris K, Seidenari S, THE DERMOSCOPY WORKING GROUP (2006) Three-point checklist of dermoscopy: an open internet study. Br J Dermatol 154:431–437. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2005.06983.x

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nurullah Şahin.

Ethics declarations

Ethical approval

This manuscript does not contain any studies with human participants carried out by any of the authors.

Conflict of interest

There is no conflict of interest for authorship.

Additional information

Publisher’s note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Şahin, N., Alpaslan, N. & Hanbay, D. Robust optimization of SegNet hyperparameters for skin lesion segmentation. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 36031–36051 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11032-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11032-6

Keywords

Navigation