Abstract
Due to the popularity of smartphones, laptops and wireless communication technologies, compressed images have become widely used for such applications, because a smaller storage space is needed. Protecting the security of information transmission over the Internet while reducing file size (also called the size of the final coding stream) has become a critical issue. Three related works have proposed using the reversible data hiding (RDH) method on AMBTC-compressed images to reduce the final stego-coding stream. However, these approaches still have room for improvement. To further optimize the performance of the related works, in this paper, we present an efficient dual prediction–based reversible data hiding and reduced code method for AMBTC-compressed images that uses three significant techniques: the dual prediction strategy (DP), the reversible standardized parameters (RSP) and the improved error division technique (IED). We can thus embed more secret data while effectively reducing the length of the final coding stream. Experimental results show that the proposed method has both the lowest true bitrate and the highest embedding efficiency in broader usage scenarios when compared to other related methods.













Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
08 October 2021
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11630-4
References
Bender W, Gruhl D, Morimoto N, Lu A (1996) Techniques for data hiding. IBM Syst J 35(3.4):313–336
BOSS Web page. [Online]. Available: http://agents.fel.cvut.cz/boss/index.php?mode=VIEW&tmpl=materials. [Accessed: 22-Jan-2019].
Chang C-C, Lin C-C, Tseng C-S, Tai W-L (2007) Reversible hiding in DCT-based compressed images. Inf Sci 177(13):2768–2786
Chang C-C, Nguyen TS, Lin C-C (2015) A reversible compression code hiding using SOC and SMVQ indices. Inf Sci 300:85–99
Chang C-C, Nguyen T-S, Lin C-C (2016) A new distortion-free data embedding scheme for high-dynamic range images. Multimed Tools Appl 75(1):145–163
Chang C-C, Chen T-S, Wang Y-K, Liu Y (2018) A reversible data hiding scheme based on absolute moment block truncation coding compression using exclusive OR operator. Multimed Tools Appl 77(7):9039–9053
Chen Y-Y, Hsia C-H, Jhong S-Y, Lin H-J (2018) Data hiding method for AMBTC compressed images. J Ambient Intell Humaniz Comput:1–9
Coatrieux G, Pan W, Cuppens-Boulahia N, Cuppens F, Roux C (2013) Reversible watermarking based on invariant image classification and dynamic histogram shifting. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 8(1):111–120
Delp E, Mitchell O (1979) Image compression using block truncation coding. IEEE Trans Commun 27(9):1335–1342
Farah MB, Farah A, Farah T (2019) An image encryption scheme based on a new hybrid chaotic map and optimized substitution box. Nonlinear Dynamics:1–24
Farah MB, Guesmi R, Kachouri A, Samet M (2020) A novel chaos based optical image encryption using fractional Fourier transform and DNA sequence operation. Opt Laser Technol 121:105777
Goldwasser S, Micali S, Rivest RL (1988) A digital signature scheme secure against adaptive chosen-message attacks. SIAM J Comput 17(2):281–308
Hong W, Chen T-S, Shiu C-W (2008) Lossless steganography for AMBTC-compressed images, in 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing, vol. 2, pp. 13–17.
Hong W, Chen T-S, Shiu C-W (2009) Reversible data hiding for high quality images using modification of prediction errors. J Syst Softw 82(11):1833–1842
Hong W, Ma Y-B, Wu H-C, Chen T-S (2017) An efficient reversible data hiding method for AMBTC compressed images. Multimed Tools Appl 76(4):5441–5460
Hong W, Zhou X, Weng S (2018) Joint adaptive coding and reversible data hiding for AMBTC compressed images. Symmetry 10(7):254
Huynh N-T, Bharanitharan K, Chang C-C, Liu Y (2018) Minima-maxima preserving data hiding algorithm for absolute moment block truncation coding compressed images. Multimed Tools Appl 77(5):5767–5783
Johnson NF, Jajodia S (1998) Exploring steganography: Seeing the unseen. Computer 31(2)
Kim T (1992) Side match and overlap match vector quantizers for images. IEEE Trans Image Process 1(2):170–185
Kim HJ, Sachnev V, Shi YQ, Nam J, Choo H-G (2008) A novel difference expansion transform for reversible data embedding. IEEE Trans Inf Forensics Secur 3(3):456–465
Kim C, Shin D, Leng L, Yang C-N (2018) Lossless data hiding for absolute moment block truncation coding using histogram modification. J Real-Time Image Process 14(1):101–114
Lema M, Mitchell O (1984) Absolute moment block truncation coding and its application to color images. IEEE Trans Commun 32(10):1148–1157
Lin C-C, Yang S-P, Hsueh N-L (2008) Lossless data hiding based on difference expansion without a location map, in Image and Signal Processing, CISP’08. Congress on,, vol. 2, pp. 8–12.
Lin C-C, Liu X-L, Tai W-L, Yuan S-M (2015) A novel reversible data hiding scheme based on AMBTC compression technique. Multimed Tools Appl 74(11):3823–3842
Liu X-L, Chang C-C, Lin C-C, Yuan S-M (2016) A high-payload, reversible data hiding scheme based on histogram modification in JPEG bitstream. Imaging Sci J 64(7):364–373
Lou D-C, Hu M-C, Liu J-L (2009) Multiple layer data hiding scheme for medical images. Comput Stand Interfaces 31(2):329–335
Malik A, Sikka G, Verma HK (2018) An AMBTC compression based data hiding scheme using pixel value adjusting strategy. Multidimens Syst Signal Process 29(4):1801–1818
Memon N, Wong PW (2001) A buyer-seller watermarking protocol. IEEE Trans Image Process 10(4):643–649
Nasrabadi NM, King RA (1988) Image coding using vector quantization: a review. IEEE Trans Commun 36(8):957–971
Qin C, Chang C-C, Huang Y-H, Liao L-T (2013) An inpainting-assisted reversible steganographic scheme using a histogram shifting mechanism. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst Video Technol 23(7):1109–1118
Sun W, Lu Z-M, Wen Y-C, Yu F-X, Shen R-J (2013) High performance reversible data hiding for block truncation coding compressed images. Signal Image Video Process 7(2):297–306
Tian J (2003) Reversible data embedding using a difference expansion. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol. 13(8):890–896
Tsai P, Hu Y-C, Yeh H-L (2009) Reversible image hiding scheme using predictive coding and histogram shifting. Signal Process 89(6):1129–1143
Wallace GK (1992) The JPEG still picture compression standard. IEEE Trans Consum Electron 38(1):xviii–xxxiv
Wu M, Liu B (2004) Data hiding in binary image for authentication and annotation. IEEE Trans Multimed 6(4):528–538
Xuan G et al (2006) Lossless data hiding using histogram shifting method based on integer wavelets. International Workshop on Digital Watermarking:323–332
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
The original online version of this article was revised: The corresponding author was incorrect.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chang, CC., Wang, X. & Lin, CC. An efficient dual prediction–based reversible data hiding and reduced code method for AMBTC. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 33157–33176 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11048-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11048-y