Abstract
This paper presents a novel and generic framework for the recognition of emotions using human body expression like head, hand and leg movements. Whole body movements are among the main visual stimulus categories that are naturally associated with faces and the neuro scientific investigation of how body expressions are processed has entered the research agenda this last decade. The database was composed of 254 whole body expressions from 46 actors expressing four emotions (anger, fear, happiness, and sadness). In all pictures the face of the actor was blurred and participants were asked to categorize the emotions expressed in the stimuli in a four alternative-forced-choice task. Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN), the input images are trained and modeled. Then the model can be tested by test images for recognizing human emotion from non-verbal communication.







Similar content being viewed by others
References
Babu RG, Obaidat MS, Amudha V, Manoharan R, Sitharthan R (2020) Comparative analysis of distributive linear and non-linear optimised spectrum sensing clustering techniques in cognitive radio network systems. IET Networks. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-net.2020.0122
Battimelli G, Battimelli G, Ciccotti G, Greco P, Scalone (2020) Computer meets theoretical physics. Springer International Publishing
Nele Dael, Marcello Mortillaro, Klaus R. Scherer (2012) The body action and posture coding system (BAP): development and reliability. Springer Science Business Media.
Dalal N, Triggs B (2013) Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. IEEE Comput Soc Conf Comput Vision Pattern Recognition 1:886–893
N Dalal, X He (2005) Histograms of oriented gradients for human detection. International conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, IEEE Computer Society Press, 1, June 20–25, 225–232.
Dinh PH (2021) A novel approach based on grasshopper optimization algorithm for medical image fusion. Expert Syst Appl 171:114576
Gopal VN, Al-Turjman F, Kumar R, Anand L, Rajesh M (2021) Feature selection and classification in breast cancer prediction using IoT and machine learning. Measurement 178:109442
Goyal S, Singh V, Rani A, Yadav N (2020) FPRSGF denoised non-subsampled shearlet transform-based image fusion using sparse representation. SIViP 14(4):719–726
Haris Zacharatos, Christos Gatzoulis, Yiorgos Chrysanthou (2014) Automatic emotion recognition based on body movement analysis: a survey. Computer Graphics and Applications, IEEE.
Indhumathi R, Nagarajan S, Indira KP (2021) Hybrid pixel-based method for multimodal medical image fusion based on integration of Pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN) and Genetic algorithm (GA). In Advances in Machine Learning and Computational Intelligence, Springer, Singapore, pp. 853–867
Jose J, Gautam N, Tiwari M, Tiwari T, Suresh A, Sundararaj V, Rejeesh MR (2021) An image quality enhancement scheme employing adolescent identity search algorithm in the NSST domain for multimodal medical image fusion. Biomed Signal Process Control 66:102480
Jyoti Joshi, Roland Goecke, Gordon Parker, Michael Breakspear (2013) Can body expressions contribute to automatic depression analysis. International Conference and Workshops on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition, IEEE.
Kahlessenane F, Khaldi A, Kafi R, Euschi S (2021) A robust blind medical image watermarking approach for telemedicine applications. Clust Comput 24(3): 1–14
Laptev I (2005) On space-time interest points. Int J Comput Vision. 64(4): 107–123
Melissa Gross M, Elizabeth A. Crane, Barbara L. Fredrickson (2010) Methodology for assessing bodily expression of emotion. Springer Science + Business Media.
Michelle Karg, Ali-Akbar Samadani, Rob Gorbet, Kolja K€uhnlenz, Jesse Hoey, Dana Kuli (2013) Body movements for affective expression: a survey of automatic recognition and generation. IEEE Trans Affect Comput. 4(4): 341-359
Mohamed Bêcha Kaâniche, François Brémond (2010) Gesture recognition by learning local motion signatures. IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition.
Moshika A, Thirumaran M, Natarajan B, Andal K, Sambasivam G, Manoharan R (2021) Vulnerability assessment in heterogeneous web environment using probabilistic arithmetic automata. IEEE Access 9:74659–74673. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3081567
Nataraj SK, Al-Turjman F, Adom AH, Sitharthan R, Rajesh M, Kumar R (2020) Intelligent robotic chair with thought control and communication aid using higher order spectra band features. IEEE Sens J. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3020971
Natarajan B, Obaidat MS, Sadoun B, Manoharan R, Ramachandran S, Velusamy N (2020) New clustering-based semantic service selection and user preferential model. IEEE Syst J. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2020.3025407
Nesrine Fourat, Catherine Pelachaud (2015) Multi-level classification of emotional body expression. IEEE. 5(4).
Parvathy VS, Pothiraj S, Sampson J (2020) Optimal deep neural network model based multimodality fused medical image classification. Phys Commun 41:101119
Purushothaman R, Rajagopalan SP, Dhandapani G (2020) Hybridizing gray wolf optimization (GWO) with Grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) for text feature selection and clustering. Appl Soft Comput 96:106651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106651
Pyry K. Matikainen, Martial Hebert, Rahul Sukthankar (2009) Trajectons: action recognition through the motion analysis of tracked features. Workshop on video-oriented object and event classification, ICCV.
Rajesh M (2020) Streamlining radio network organizing enlargement towards microcellular frameworks. Wireless Pers Commun 113(4):2463–2475
Sitharthan R, Rajesh M, Madurakavi K, Raglend J, Kumar R (2020) Assessing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) impact on health pre-and post-COVID-19 pandemic using IoT in India. Int J Pervasive Comput Commun.
Sitharthan, R., Sujatha Krishnamoorthy, Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar, Jens Bo Holm-Nielsen, R. Raja Singh, M. Rajesh (2021) Torque ripple minimization of PMSM using an adaptive Elman neural network-controlled feedback linearization-based direct torque control strategy. Int Trans Electric Energy Syst 31 (1): e12685 https://doi.org/10.1002/2050-7038.12685
Sitharthan R, Yuvaraj S, Padmanabhan S, Holm-Nielsen JB, Sujith M, Rajesh M, Prabaharan N, Vengatesan K (2021) Piezoelectric energy harvester converting wind aerodynamic energy into electrical energy for microelectronic application. IET Renew Power Gener. https://doi.org/10.1049/rpg2.12119
Xu L, Si Y, Jiang S, Sun Y, Ebrahimian H (2020) Medical image fusion using a modified shark smell optimization algorithm and hybrid wavelet-homomorphic filter. Biomed Signal Process Control 59:101885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101885
Yadav SP, Yadav S (2020) Image fusion using hybrid methods in multimodality medical images. Med Biol Eng Comput 58(4):669–687
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Rajesh M, Sitharthan R Image fusion and enhancement based on energy of the pixel using Deep Convolutional Neural Network. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 873–885 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11501-y
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11501-y