Abstract
Conventional cameras and fisheye cameras are often used together to capture clear target images and large scene background images in many applications, such as mobile robotic telepresence systems and large scene monitoring systems. In this paper, we propose to stitch images from these cameras for offering remote operators a large field of view to perceive a local environment. To provide a clear view of targets for face-to-face communication and a complete view of a robot’s surroundings for safe teleoperation of the robot, we stitch these images by keeping the original conventional image. The image stitching is formulated as a nonrigid motion estimation problem and images are stitched based on nonrigid warping, e.g., the thin-plate spline. To improve the algorithmic efficiency of image stitching, we exploit a region-based point correspondence selection method to reduce the number of point correspondences that are used for thin-plate spline interpolation. The experiments conducted on collected images and images captured from a telepresence system show the effectiveness of the proposed method.












Similar content being viewed by others
Explore related subjects
Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.Notes
Efficiency here means the total time that needs to perform TPS parameter calculation and image warping.
References
Bhagavatula C, Zhu C, Luu K, Savvides M (2017) Faster than real-time facial alignment: A 3D spatial transformer network approach in unconstrained poses. In: Proceedings of international conference of computer vision, pp 3980–3989
Bookstein F L (1989) Principal warps: Thin-plate splines and the decomposition of deformations. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 11(6):567–585
Brown M, Lowe D G (2007) Automatic panoramic image stitching using invariant features. Int J Comput Vis 74(1):59–73
Byröd M, Brown M A, Åström K (2009) Minimal solutions for panoramic stitching with radial distortion. In: Proceedings of British machine vision conference, pp 1–11
Chang C-H, Chou C-N, Chang E Y (2017) CLKN: Cascaded Lucas-Kanade networks for image alignment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2213–2221
Chang C-H, Sato Y, Chuang Y-Y (2014) Shape-preserving half-projective warps for image stitching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 3254–3261
Cheng H-T, Chao C-H, Dong J-D, Wen H-K, Liu T-L, Sun M (2018) Cube padding for weakly-supervised saliency prediction in 360? videos. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1420–1429
Cuevas C, Quilón D, García N (2020) Automatic soccer field of play registration. Pattern Recogn 103:107278
DeTone D, Malisiewicz T, Rabinovich A (2016) Deep image homography estimation. In: RSS workshop on limits and potentials of deep learning in robotics
Dong Y, Jia Y, Shen W, Wu Y (2020) Can you easily perceive the local environment? a user interface with one stitched live video for mobile robotic telepresence systems. Int J Human–Comput Interact 36(8):736–747
Dong Y, Pei M, Zhang L, Xu B, Wu Y, Jia Y (2019) Stitching videos from a fisheye lens camera and a wide-angle lens camera for telepresence robots. arXiv:1903.06319
Erlik Nowruzi F, Laganiere R, Japkowicz N (2017) Homography estimation from image pairs with hierarchical convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision workshops, pp 913–920
Furnari A, Farinella G M, Bruna A R, Battiato S (2017) Affine covariant features for fisheye distortion local modeling. IEEE Trans Image Process 26(2):696–710
Gao J, Kim S J, Brown M S (2011) Constructing image panoramas using dual-homography warping. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 49–56
Goshtasby A A (2012) Image registration: Principles, tools and methods. Springer Science & Business Media
Harder R L, Desmarais R N (1972) Interpolation using surface splines. J Aircraft 9(2):189–191
Ho T, Budagavi M (2017) Dual-fisheye lens stitching for 360-degree imaging. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International conference on acoustics, speech and signal processing, pp 2172–2176
Ji S, Qin Z, Shan J, Lu M (2020) Panoramic SLAM from a multiple fisheye camera rig. ISPRS J Photogramm Remote Sens 159:169–183
Jia Y, Xu B, Shen J, Pei M, Dong Z, Hou J, Yang M (2015) Telepresence interaction by touching live video images. arXiv:1512.04334
Jin H (2008) A three-point minimal solution for panoramic stitching with lens distortion. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 1–8
Ju M-H, Kang H-B (2013) Panoramic image generation with lens distortions. In: Proceedings of the 20th IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 1296–1300
Ju M-H, Kang H-B (2014) Stitching images with arbitrary lens distortions. Int J Adv Robot Syst 11(1):2
Kukelova Z, Heller J, Bujnak M, Pajdla T (2015) Radial distortion homography. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 639–647
Li J, Wang Z, Lai S, Zhai Y, Zhang M (2018) Parallax-tolerant image stitching based on robust elastic warping. IEEE Trans Multimed 20 (7):1672–1687
Li Y, Tofighi M, Monga V (2019) Robust alignment for panoramic stitching via an exact rank constraint. IEEE Trans Image Process 28(10):4730–4745
Liao K, Lin C, Zhao Y, Xu M (2020) Model-free distortion rectification framework bridged by distortion distribution map. IEEE Trans Image Process 29:3707–3718
Lin W-Y, Liu S, Matsushita Y, Ng T-T, Cheong L-F (2011) Smoothly varying affine stitching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 345–352
Liu S, Chai Q (2019) Shape-optimizing and illumination-smoothing image stitching. IEEE Trans Multimed 21(3):690–703
Lo I-C, Shih K-T, Chen H H (2018) Image stitching for dual fisheye cameras. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 3164–3168
Lou Z, Gevers T (2014) Image alignment by piecewise planar region matching. IEEE Trans Multimed 16(7):2052–2061
Nguyen T, Chen S W, Skandan S, Taylor C J, Kumar V (2018) Unsupervised deep homography: A fast and robust homography estimation model. IEEE Robot Autom Lett 3(3):2346–2353
Research M (2016) Image composite editor. https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/product/computational-photography-applications/image-composite-editor/
Robotics D (2018) Double2. Website. Retrieved July 31, 2018 from http://www.doublerobotics.com
Si X, Feng J, Yuan B, Zhou J (2017) Dense registration of fingerprints. Pattern Recogn 63:87–101
Sprengel R, Rohr K, Stiehl H S (1996) Thin-plate spline approximation for image registration. In: Proceedings of 18th annual international conference of the IEEE engineering in medicine and biology society, vol 3. IEEE, pp 1190–1191
Szeliski R (2006) Image alignment and stitching: A tutorial. Found Trends®; Compu Graph Vision 2(1):1–104
Szeliski R (2010) Computer vision: algorithms and applications. Springer Science & Business Media
Szeliski R, Shum H-Y (1997) Creating full view panoramic image mosaics and environment maps. In: Proceedings of the 24th international conference on computer graphics and interactive techniques, pp 251–258
Technologies S (2018) BeamPro. Website. Retrieved July 31, 2018 from https://suitabletech.com
Wang G, Zhou Q, Chen Y (2017) Robust non-rigid point set registration using spatially constrained gaussian fields. IEEE Trans Image Process 26 (4):1759–1769
Wang Z, Bovik A C, Sheikh H R, Simoncelli E P (2004) Image quality assessment: From error visibility to structural similarity. IEEE Trans Image Process 13(4):600–612
Xiang T-Z, Xia G-S, Bai X, Zhang L (2018) Image stitching by line-guided local warping with global similarity constraint. Pattern Recogn 83:481–497
Xu B, Jia Y (2017) Wide-angle image stitching using multi-homography warping. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on image processing, pp 1467–1471
Ye Y, Yang K, Xiang K, Wang J, Wang K (2020) Universal semantic segmentation for fisheye urban driving images. arXiv:2002.03736
Zaragoza J, Chin T-J, Brown M S, Suter D (2013) As-projective-as-possible image stitching with moving DLT. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2339–2346
Zheng J, Wang Y, Wang H, Li B, Hu H-M (2019) A novel projective-consistent plane based image stitching method. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dong, Y., Pei, M., Wu, Y. et al. Stitching images from a conventional camera and a fisheye camera based on nonrigid warping. Multimed Tools Appl 81, 18417–18435 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12236-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12236-0