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Deformable model segmentation for range image watermarking

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Abstract

In this work, a range image watermarking approach is proposed. First, the image is segmented using active contours; the watermark is then integrated into the resulting contour coordinates. Three active contour methods are used to segment the range image, the obtained segmentation results allow to define the algorithm offering a good compromise between the good segmentation rate and the contour size which constitutes the watermark integration area. The imperceptibility and robustness tests performed show that the proposed scheme offers a good imperceptibility rate as well as a good structural similarity between the original and watermarked image. The watermark is resistant to several attacks commonly used in image watermarking, however, is vulnerable to compression attacks, which is common in spatial integration techniques.

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Data availability

The data used to support the findings of this study could be found freely here: http://range.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/htdocs/html /.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by “ La Direction Générale de la Recherche Scientifique et du Développement Technologique (DGRSDT)” of Algeria.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Computer Science Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Artificial Intelligence and Information Technology Laboratory (LINATI) University of Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    Amine Khaldi & Akram Zine Eddine Boukhamla

  2. Departments of Electronics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Electrical Engineering Laboratory, University of Kasdi Merbah, 30000, Ouargla, Algeria

    Med Redouane Kafi

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  1. Amine Khaldi
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Correspondence to Amine Khaldi.

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Khaldi, A., Kafi, M.R. & Boukhamla, A.Z.E. Deformable model segmentation for range image watermarking. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 12211–12227 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-13724-z

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