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A video watermark algorithm based on tensor feature map

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Abstract

Video has become one of the main ways of information transmission with the development of the Internet. Video copyright protection becomes an urgent task. Video watermark technology embeds copyright into the redundant information of the carrier, and video copyright protection is achieved. However, most video watermark algorithms do not use the correlation and redundancy among adjacent frames of a video and are weak to resist frame attacks. In order to make up this shortage and improve robustness, a video watermark algorithm based on a tensor feature map is proposed. A grayscale video segment with the same scene is selected and represented as a 3-order tensor, a high-order singular value decomposition is performed on the video tensor to obtain a stable core tensor and three factor matrices. A feature tensor is obtained by the mode-3 product of the video tensor with the transpose of the factor matrix that contains a time axis. It is called a tensor feature map. Since the tensor feature map contains the main information of each frame of a video, the watermark is distributed in each frame of a video by embedding the watermark into the tensor feature map. The first-order discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform are used to embed the watermark into the tensor feature map. The experimental results show that the proposed watermark algorithm based on the tensor feature map has better transparency and is robust to common video attacks.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Key Research and Development Project of Zhejiang Province, under Grant 2020C01067, Public Welfare Technology and Industry Project of Zhejiang Provincial Science Technology Department under Grant LGG18F020013, LGG19F020016.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    Shanqing Zhang, Xiaoyun Guo, Xianghua Xu & Li Li

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  1. Shanqing Zhang
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  2. Xiaoyun Guo
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  3. Xianghua Xu
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  4. Li Li
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Correspondence to Xianghua Xu.

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Zhang, S., Guo, X., Xu, X. et al. A video watermark algorithm based on tensor feature map. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 19557–19575 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-14299-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-14299-5

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