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A robust watermarking scheme via optimization-based image reconstruction technique

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Abstract

A robust watermarking scheme using an optimization-based image reconstruction technique is presented in this paper. In the proposed scheme, the cover image (CI) and watermark image (WI) are decomposed using Hessenberg decomposition (HD) and singular value decomposition (SVD) with discrete wavelet transformation (DWT). Following the use of SVD, each singular value of the watermark is immediately incorporated into the singular component of the CI using the best scaling factor. Considering the scenario of different attacks on the WI, the optimization-based robust image reconstruction technique is developed and applied to the attacked WI to reproduce its attack-free good quality version. The proposed technique splits the low-quality attacked WI into several small patches processed in raster scan order. Moreover, it also employs some database images of the same domain for computing the reconstruction coefficients and producing the high-quality counterpart of the extracted attacked watermark. Simulation results calculated in terms of different performance metrics, namely Normalized Cross-Correlation (NC), Bit Error Rate (BER), Normalized Absolute Error (NAE), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), and Structure Similarity Index (SSIM) suggest that the proposed watermarking scheme is more robust to different attacks as compared to several existing competent techniques.

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Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed during the current study.

Notes

  1. Note: the below formulations would be more convent to understand by referring to the notations and abbreviations given in Table 1.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, 800005, India

    Shyam Singh Rajput, Bhaskar Mondal & Farheen Qamar Warsi

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  1. Shyam Singh Rajput
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  2. Bhaskar Mondal
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  3. Farheen Qamar Warsi
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Correspondence to Bhaskar Mondal.

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Rajput, S.S., Mondal, B. & Warsi, F.Q. A robust watermarking scheme via optimization-based image reconstruction technique. Multimed Tools Appl 82, 25039–25060 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-023-14363-8

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